AP Gov- American Political ideologies and beliefs

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Fiscal policy

The decisions that the government makes to spend/tax the economy. How much money to spend and on what?

Monetary policy

The decisions the government makes about how much money to be in economy. Controlled by federal reserve. How much money in economy?

Federal reserve

The central bank of the US. in charge of..

• buying and selling government bonds

• setting reserve requirements

• setting interest rates

Liberal ideology in economy compared to other ideologies

More government intervention to keep economy healthy —> big spenders of fiscal policy. reasoning from keynesian economics

Keynesian economics

Keynesian Economics is an economic theory developed by John Maynard Keynes, which advocates for increased government expenditures and lower taxes to stimulate demand and pull the global economy out of a recession.

basically: Government spending 

Conservative ideology in economy compared to other ideologies 

Less government intervention, trust in free market. Less spending in fiscal policy. reasoning from supply-side theory. 

Supply-side theory

Supply-side economics is an economic theory that emphasizes boosting economic growth by increasing the supply of goods and services. This approach advocates for lower taxes and deregulation as ways to stimulate production, which in turn is believed to lead to job creation, increased investment, and overall economic expansion. It connects to broader ideological beliefs about the role of government in the economy and reflects a preference for free-market policies over interventionist approaches.

basically: Support businesses

General conservative approach to monetary policy

Using monetary policy to stabilize economy

General Liberal approach to monetary policy

Monetary policy too slow for real change

Libertarian ideology

least government intervention as possible. Only want government to protect personal property and ensure nothing hinders individual liberty

Key values of Americans

• Individualism

• equality of opportunity 

• free enterprise

• rule of law

• limited government

Most Americans believe in these values, but have different interpretations (ex. Liberal Vs Conservative)

Political socialization 

The process through which individuals acquire their political beliefs and values, often influenced by family, education, and cultural factors.

Political culture

The set of shared values, beliefs, and norms that shape the political behavior and attitudes of a society.

Equality of opportunity

Everyone has the same opportunity to make it big in the US as long as they work hard, but no value is placed on the equality of the outcomes. Hard work and innovation is rewarded.
ex. Affirmative action

Free enterprise

Mixed economy in the US, limited social/economic services in the US. Capitalism yeahh

Rule of law

No one is above the law, all citizens must abide the law (including the president and the big guys), judiciary protects rule of law, enhanced when gov is transparent 

Religious organizations role in political ideologies

Churches influence political socialization via their doctrinal positions on issues, services, and social interactions in a congregation 

civic organizations role in political ideologies

These have people working towards a common good. Civic engagement allows people to get organizing, public speaking, and interacting with government officials.

Generational effect

Historical events can impact a generation on their political views.

ex. 9/11 fostered a period of patriotism and unity 

Life cycle effect

A person’s age will impact their political views

the formation and modification of beliefs in politics is a ________ process

Lifelong everchanging

General liberal approach to healthcare policies

More government interference and mandate people to get insurance (ex. Affordable care act (ACA))

General conservative approach to healthcare policies

Less government intervention, healthcare is subject to economic and market forces, people should make their own decision to purchase insurance or not.

(ex. Opposed ACA)

General liberal approach to school choice competition

Opposed cuz believe money is drained from traditional public schools that need funds the most, tax dollars used to support religious schools violate the 1st amendment.

General conservative approach to school choice competition

support school choice vouchers, makes schools compete for students (they really like stuff that encourage economic growth)

ACA

AKA obama care, requires everyone to buy health insurance

medicare

healthcare to elderly and disabled

school choice programs/vouchers

market incentives to encourage competition between schools.