Facial Muscles

buccinator

mentalis

orbicularis oris

platysma

risorius

zygomatic major

zygomatic minor

Mentalis

Origin: body of the mandible

Insertion: skin of the chin

Action: elevates, protracts, and depresses lower lip

Orbicularis oris

Origin: medial planes of maxillae and mandible

Insertion: lips

Action: compresses and protrudes the lips

Buccinator

Origin: aveolar processes of the maxillae and mandible

Insertion: corner of the mouth

Action: compress cheeks

Zygomaticus major

Origin: zygomatic bone

Insertion: corner of the mouth

Action: draws corner of the mouth

Zygomaticus minor

Origin: zygomatic bone

Insertion: orbicularis oris muscle

Action: elevates upper lip

Orbicularis Oculi

Origin: medial orbital margin

Insertion: skin around the orbit

Action: closes eyelid

occipitofrontalis

muscular bellies of epicranius

Frontalis

Origin: Galea aponeurotica

Insertion: Subcutaneous tissue of eyebrows

Action: Elevates eyebrows in glancing upward and espressions of surprise or fright; draws scalp forward

Occipitalis

Origin: temporal bone

Insertion: Galea aponeurotica

Action: Retracts scalp

Masseter

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: mandible

Action: Elevation of the mandible

Temporalis

Origin: Temporal bone

Insertion: mandible

Action: Elevation, retraction of the mandible

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: sternum and clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid proccess and nuchal line

Action: tilts head forward and toward the opposite side, draws head straight forward and down

Digastric

Origin: temporal bone; mandible

Insertion: Hyoid bone

Action: Depresses mandible; elevates hyoid

Thyrohyoid

Origin: Thyroid cartilage of larynx

Insertion: Hyoid bone

Action: Depresses hyoid; elevates larynx

Sternothyroid

Origin: sternum

Insertion: Hyoid bone

Action: Depresses hyoid

Levator scapulae

Origin: Transverse processes of vertebrae C1-C4 Insertion: scapula

Action: Elevates scapula; flexes neck laterally

Splenius capitis

Origin: Inferior half of nuchal ligament, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T6

Insertion: occipital bone; temporal bone

Action: Acting unilaterally, produce ipsilateral flexion and slight rotation of head; extend head when acting bilaterally

Omohyoid

Origin: scapula

Insertion: Hyoid bone

Action: Depresses hyoid bone

Platysma

Origin: Fascia of deltoid and pectoralis major Insertion: Mandible; skin and subcutaneous tissue of lower face

Action: Draws lower lip and angle of mouth downward; elevates and creases skin of neck

Trapezius

Origin: occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous prcesses of vertebrae C7-T3 or T4

Insertion: scapula, clavicle

Action: Stabilizes scapula and shoulder during arm movements; elevates and depresses apex of shoulder; acts with other muscles to rotate and retract scapula.