Readings in Philippine History

Context Analysis

considers time and place the historical document was written as well as the situation or the circumstances during the time

History

study of beliefs and desires, practices, and institutions of human beings

History

the past of mankind

Sources

through these, history is studied and written

Primary sources

materials produced by people or groups directly involved in the event or topic being studied

1 photographs 2 old sketches and drawings 3 old maps 4 cartoons for political expression or propaganda 5 material evidence of the prehistoric past 5 statistical tables, graphs, and charts 7 oral history or recordings by electronic means 8 published and unpublished primary documents, eyewitness accounts, and other written sources

eight examples of primary sources

Secondary sources

testimony of anyone who is not an eyewitness

Perspective

point of view of the said writer who was a witness to the event

Silk Road and Arabian-Italian trade route

routes used by Europeans to purchase goods

Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal

put up a maritime school that trained sailors who would later discover an eastern sea route going to the Spice Islands

Moluccas Islands

Spice Islands (part of present-day Indonesia)

marriage of Queen Isabella of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon (1469) and victory of Catholic monarchs in the Battle of Granada (1492)

resulted in the rise of Spain as a world power

trans-Atlantic voyages of Christopher Columbus (1492-1502)

resulted to discovery of territories on the other side of Atlantic Ocean

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world (go to East by sailing westward)

August 20, 1519

Magellan-Elcano expedition left the port of Sanlucar de Barrameda in Seville on this date

5

number of ships who left Spain for the Magellan-Elcano expedition

Victoria

the only ship who successfully circumnavigated the world

to search for a new maritime path to the Spice Islands

main objective of Magellan-Elcano expedition

3

number of ships who reached the Philippines

Lapu-Lapu

he refused to trade with the Spaniards

Spaniards

they lost in the Battle of Mactan

Victoria and Trinidad

ships left to reach Spice Islands

Trinidad

ships of the Spaniards which was captured by the Portuguese

Juan Sebastian Elcano

captain of Victoria

September 7, 1522

Elcano and 17 survivors arrived in Spain aboard the ship Victoria in what date in the history?

Antonio Pigafetta

assistant of Magellan who kept a journal that became the main source of what we know about the first encounter of the Spaniards and the Filipino

Antonio Pigafetta

a well-educated young man possessing an avid curiosity of the world around him

Trinidad, San Antonio, Concepcion, Santiago, Victoria

five ships of Magellan-Elcano expedition

Magellan's Voyage Around the World

written by Antonio Pigafetta that recounts the Magellan expedition

Enrique de Malacca

Magellan's slave/interpreter

March 16, 1521

Magellan-Elcano expedition arrived in an island named Zamal (Samar)

March 18, 1521

first encounter of the Spaniards and the Filipinos where Filipinos welcomed the Spaniards accordingly

Island of Zuluan

island where the first Filipinos who encountered the Spaniards came from

Homonhon Island

island where the Spaniards first landed

Acquada da li buoni Segnialli (Watering-place of good Signs)

Spaniards called the Island of Humunu (Homonhon) as ________________

Archipelago of San Lazaro

The Spaniards called their first discovered archipelago as ____________________

Island of Butuan and Calagan (Caraga)

islands where the first 2 kings came from

Raia Colambu

name of the first King to hunt in the the island where the Spaniards are

Raia Siaui

name of the second King to hunt in the the island where the Spaniards are

March 31, 1521

Magellan invited Raia Colambu and Raia Siaui to a public Mass

Ceylon (Leyte), Zubu (Cebu), Calaghann (Calagan)

According to the Colambu and Siaui, these are the best ports to get food

Zubu (Cebu)

of the three ports, this was the largest and the one with most trade

April 7, 1521

The Spaniards entered the port of Zubu on this day

Blood compact

sign of friendship that the King of Zubu offered to the Captain-general of Spain

Raia Humabon

King of Zubu and later baptized as Don Carlos`

800 Filipinos

number of Filipinos baptized to Christianity in the island of Zubu; they was led by Raia Humabon and his wife

Johanna

name of Hara Humamay (Queen of Cebu) after being baptized to Christianity

image of Sto. Niño

a gift given by the Spaniards to the Queen of Cebu

Zula and Cilapulapu (Lapu-Lapu)

chiefs of the island of Matan (Mactan)

Zula

chief of Matan who told the captain-general through one of his sons that he would send him all that he had promised, but that he had not been able to send it to him because of the other chief

Cilapulapu (Lapu-Lapu)

chief of Matan (Mactan) who refused to obey the King of Spagnia

left leg

In the Battle of Mactan, Magellan was shot at his __________ that caused him to fall face downward

Battle of Mactan

event in the history that happened on April 27, 1521

Magellan expedition

proved that Earth is not flat but an oblate sphere; demolished the myth that there is boiling water at the Equator

Magellan expedition

first circumnavigation of the world

Pigafetta's account

enriched Philippine historiography because it contains important details about the conditions of the Visayan Islands in the 16th century

Lapu-Lapu

first Filipino who led the resistance movement against Spanish rule and successfully thwarted the first attempt of the Spaniards to take control of the Philippines

limited number of Spaniards willing to live outside Intramuros

this led to the Filipinos holding the position of gobernadorcillos

friars

instructed to supervise and monitor the activities of the Filipino gobernadorcillos

friars

became the most knowledgeable and influential figure in the pueblo

Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalogs (Custom of the Tagalogs, 1589)

written by Plasencia that contains numerous information about the lives of the Tagalogs

Miguel de Loarca

an encomendero of Panay who wrote the Relacion de las Islas Filipinas (1582) and described the Filipinos' way of life in the Western Visayas area

Lieutenant Governor Antonio de Morga

wrote the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas which provides information about the state of the Philippines in the latter part of the 16th century

Joan de Portocarrero

real name of Fray Juan de Plasencia

Fray Juan de Plasencia and Fray Diego de Oropesa

two friars assigned to do mission works in the Southern Tagalog

Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalogs

vividly described the political, social, economic, and cultural practices of the Filipinos before they were Christianized

Fray Juan de Plasencia

wrote the book Relacion de las Costumbres de Los Tagalogs

Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Española y Tagala

written by Plasencia; first printed book in the PHilippines in 1593; reading material for those Filipinos who wished to deepen their faith in the newly-accepted religion

dato

Filipinos' chief is called as ___________

dato

governed the people; captain in wars

barangay

tribal gatherings in Tagalog

barangay

its origin was a family of parents, children, relations, and slaves

nobles, commoners, slaves

3 castes aside from the datos

maharlica

the nobles; freeborn; does not pay taxes or tributes to the dato

aliping namamahay

the commoners; live in their own houses; cannot be sold nor be made slaves

aliping sa guiguilir

the slaves; serve their master in his house and on his cultivated lands; may be sold

death

punishment to a man of low birth who insulted the daughter or wife of chief; and to the witches

fines in gold

all other offenses were punished by _________________

dowry

given by men to the women's parents

simbahan

temple or place of adoration

pandot

festival

sibi

roof of the temple

sorihile

small lamps on the posts of the temple

nagaanitos

practice of worshipping

temple

house of the chief where pagaanitos is conducted

Bathala

"all powerful" "maker of all things"

sun

praised for its beauty

moon

worshipped with great rejoicings, adoring, and bidding welcome to it

Tala

morning star

Mapolon

change of seasons

Balatic

Greater Bear

lic-ha

images with different shapes

Dian Masalanta

patron of lovers and of generation

Lacapati and Idianale

Patrons of cultivated lands and husbandry

Buaya

water-lizards they pay reverence for fear of being harmed by them

catalonan

officiating priest in feasts

catalonan

honorable one among the natives, and was held ordinarily by people of rank

mangagauay

witches who deceived by pretending to heal the sick

manyisalat

had the power of applying such remedies to lovers that they would abandon and despise their own wives, and in fact could prevent them from having intercourse with the latter

mancocolam

emits fire from himself at night