PS 370 Exam 2: Quiz 4

PGO spikes travel which of the following pathways?

 

from the pons to the hypothalamus to the occipital cortex

 

from the pons to the medulla to the spinal cord

 

from the pons to the thalamus to the occipital cortex

 

from the locus coeruleus to the hypothalamus to the cerebral cortex

from the pons to the thalamus to the occipital cortex

Marlene was surprised to learn that melatonin is released primarily during the

Group of answer choices

night

early morning

day

mid afternoon

night

Joseph is participating in an EEG study at his university, and the researcher has just asked him to close his eyes and perform some difficult calculations in his head. Which pattern of brain waves is most likely to be recorded from Joseph's brain during this task?

Group of answer choices

beta

theta

delta

alpha

beta

The anterior raphe nuclei show the same pattern of activation during states of consciousness as the

 

pontine reticular formation

 

lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

 

POA of the hypothalamus

 

locus coeruleus

locus coeruleus

External cues, such as the rising of the sun, used by animals to establish daily rhythms, are known as

 

phase shifts

 

entrainment signals

 

circadian rhythms

 

zeitgebers

zeitgebers

et lag is

 

worse when one travels in a westward direction

 

worse when one travels in an eastward direction

 

worse when one travels in a northward direction

 

dependent on distance traveled, not direction

eastward

Adenosine concentrations

 

rise during the day and drop off during the night

 

rise during wakefulness and REM but drop during NREM

 

remain stable throughout most of the day and night but spike briefly at dawn

 

rise during the night and drop off during the day

rise during the day and drop off during the night

Animals stop eating on their own and must be force-fed following lesions of the

 

ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)

 

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

 

median prefrontal nucleus

 

lateral hypothalamus

lateral hypothalamus

Electrical stimulation of the __________ produces extremely powerful reinforcement effects.

 

lateral forebrain bundle

 

medial forebrain bundle

 

ventral tegmental pathway

 

ventral tegmental bundle

medial forebrain bundle

Jessica's weight of 123 pounds doesn't vary much regardless of what she eats from day to day. It is likely that 123 pounds is Jessica's

 

set point

 

drive state

 

ideal weight

 

homeostasic preference

set point

A neuropeptide that may signal satiety is

 

TSH

 

ACTH

 

NPY

 

CCK

CCK

Kendall has just eaten breakfast. Right after her meal

 

her insulin levels are low and blood levels of glucose are high

 

her insulin levels are high and blood levels of glucose are low

 

both her insulin and glucose levels are high

 

both her fat and glucose levels are low

both her insulin and glucose levels are high

A physiological state of equilibrium or balance is called

 

motivation

 

a set point

 

homeostasis

 

drive

homeostasis

Under normal circumstances, the only source of energy used by the brain is

 

glucose

 

glycogen

 

protein

 

fatty acids

glucose

The James-Lange theory of emotion explains that

 

you smile because you are happy.

 

crying will make you feel more unhappy.

 

crying will make you feel much better.

 

punching someone in the nose relieves anger.

crying will make you feel more unhappy.

As we reviewed, stress impacts memory in several ways. In one way, stress produces a rapid shift in the dominance of cognitive brain networks (the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex) to more habit-based networks deeper in the brain. One negative consequence of this situation is that it limits our ability to

 

respond to any challenges.

 

think logically in the face of a challenge.

 

respond to novel challenges.

 

recognize a challenge when we are faced with one.

respond to novel challenges.

High levels of activity in the ____________ are correlated with behaviors such as catastrophizing, worrying, and over-responsiveness to errors, typically seen in anxiety disorders.

 

nucleus accumbens

 

amygdala

 

thalamus

 

anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)

The Schachter-Singer theory of emotion suggests that the identification of specific emotions depends on

 

general arousal, which leads us to appraise our circumstances.

 

simultaneous physical and subjective reactions.

 

physical cues.

 

feedback from facial expressions.

general arousal, which leads us to appraise our circumstances.

At times of stress, corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) primarily functions to __________, whereas adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) primarily functions to __________.

 

reduce stress hormones; calm sympathetic activity

 

activate the amygdala; suppress HPA feedback signals

 

stimulate pituitary release; trigger adrenal cortisol

 

boost heart rate; increase epinephrine release

stimulate pituitary release; trigger adrenal cortisol

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that

 

our facial expressions affect the way we feel.

 

showing clear facial expressions is crucial to communication.

 

body language is a significant aspect of communication.

 

other people's facial expressions affect the way we feel.

our facial expressions affect the way we feel.