Hoover High School Pre-IB 9 Semester 1 Histroy Exam

Petrarch

father of humanism

Neoplatism

the tiers thing with god on top and satan at the bottom

Machiavelli

the prince; the end justifies the mean

Durer

woodcut stamps

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Bruegel

background orientated; childrens games

Erasmus

the praise of folly; satire; made fun of church

More

eutopia; perfect society

Shakespeare

understood human psychology really well

Gutenberg

printing press

Luther

questioned the church; wrote 95 thesis

three solas

sola scriptura (only teach what the bible says); sola fide (you only need faith to get into heaven); sola gratia (all people of faith are seen equal)

Edict of Worms

outlawed Martain Luther

The Peace of Augsburg

said that the german princes could choose the religion; short term solution

Henry VIII

created anglican church because the catholic church wouldn’t let him leave his wife; executed thomas more because he was criticizing him

Catherine of Aragon

henry viii first wife; mother of mary

Act of Supremacy

said the ruler of the british was the head of the anglican church

Anne Boleyn

henry viii second wife; gave birth to elizabeth; was executed

Jane Seymour

henry viii third wife; mother of edward

Edward VI

took over british throne when he was 9; died when he was 18

Thomas Cranmer

main adviser of edward vi; moved england more anglican; executed by mary

Mary I “Bloody Mary”

moved england back to catholicism; killed her advisers

Elizabeth I

tried to mix both catholic and protestant (made sermon in english and priests be fancy); spent lots of exploration; defeated phillip II of spain

John Calvin

Istitues of Christian Religion (calvanism)

Calvanism

predestination; no fun; huguenots and puritans

Ignatius

spiritual excercises; jesuits; general, and bible education; personal piety (be a good person); missionaries

Pope Paul III

made indulgences only asked for; formed council of trent (people that were supposed to stop religious threats before they happened); approved jusuits

30 Years War

started when the peace of augsburg failed; ferdinand II tried to get his entire nation into catholicism, but defenestration of prague; habsburgs won the first 12 years; the habsburgs lost the last years b/c the french and swedeish joined the protestants

The Peace of Westphalia

ended the 30 years war; made catholics not have a dominant hold on europe

Causes for Exploration

likes spices; humanism; conversion; money

Caraval

ship that could sail against the wind

Astrolabe

told many things

Sextant

told latitude and longitude

Mariners Compass

fancy compass

Prince Henry the Navigator

funded the School of Navigation

Bartholomew Diaz

mapped the west side of africa and reached the cape of good hope

Vasco de Gama

mapped the east side of africa, and made it to india; found sea route to india

Admiral Albuquerque

conlonized india; city of goa, and island of malacca

Chirtopher Columbus

got ships from ferdinand, and found north america, but thought it was india; had four voyages, to explore then colonize

Ferdinand Magellan

mapped south america and circumnavigated the world

Treaty of Todesillas

confired the location of the line of demarcation

Dutch East India Company

private company that took over trade routes to India

Mandate of Heaven

chinese version of Divine Right of Kings

Dynastic Cycle

cycle of dynasties (new ruler, good changes, losing mandate, being overthrown, repeat)

Confucianism

created by Confucias; respect your parents; treat other like you wanna be treated, respect those superior to you, etc. written in the analects

Hongwu

first ruler of the mind dunasty; releived china of mongols; boosted agriculture (sugarcane, rice, cotton); implemented civil service exam; towards end of reign thought everyone was trying to overthrow him

Youngle

ruler after Hongwu; funded 7 voyages of exploration (went around giving gifts so china would get tribute)

Zheng He

leader of 7 voyages of exploration

Manchus

the people that ended the ming dynasty; started the qing dynasty

Kangxi

first qing dynasty ruler; lowered taxes; slightly changed civil service exam; invited jesuits into china

Qianlong

leader after Kangxi; increased chinas size to its greatest

Sengoku

warring states period where castle towns existed

Bushido Code

code that all Samurai followed

Oda Nobunaga

first diamyo to try and unite japan; failed because he lots his general respect

Hideyoshi

after Nobunaga; failed to unify japan because he was also trying to invade korea, and kick out jesuits

St. Francis Xavier

man who encouraged jesuits to go to asia

Ieyasu

unified japan; titled shogun; created alternate atendance policy

Feudalism

political econoic, and social system based on loyalts, the holding of land, and military service

Tokugawa Shogunate

period when Ieyasu ruled

Amerigo Vexpucci

man who figured out that america was new land

Vasco de Balboa

first european to see the pacific ocean from the west

Hernando Cortez

defeated the aztecs (capital Tenochtitlan); guided by Malinche

Montezuma II

leader of the aztecs

Pizarro

defeated the incas

Atahualpa

leader of the incas

Peninsulares

pure spanish blood born in spain

Creoles

full spanish blood, born in colonies

Mestizos

mixed blood and born in colonies

Ponce de Leon

claimed florida for spain

Francisco Vasquez de Croonado

explored through to southwest america

Bartholemew de Las Casas

man who stopped the encomienda system

Northwest Passage

passage through north america to pacific ocean

Jamestown

first british american colony named after king James I; was not successful because it was in a swamp (diseases, poluted water, no help, etc.)

John Wolfe

saved jamestown by giving them tobacco seeds

Pilgrims

calvanists that founded the massachussets bay colony to seek religious freedo,

Dutch West India Company

helped set up trades for the dutch in the americas

James Duke of York

peceafully defeated the dutch american colony

Louisiana Territory

land owned by the french

Ohio Territory

the area inbetween french and british territories

Fort Duqesne

french fort

Fort Neccesity

british fort; taken over by the french starting french and indian war

General Edward Braddock

british general that died before he could make it to america

French and Indian War

7 years war in america; france was winning at first, but then england gained the upperhand

Treaty of Paris

treaty that ended the french and indian war; split the lousiana territory between britain and spain

Metacom

lead the one natives uprising called the king phillips war

Capatilism

economic sustem that is controlled by private investors

Joint-Stock Company

company that is funded by private investors

Mercantalism

money is power

Bishop Jacques Bossuet

created the divine right of kings

Bureaucracies

parts of governments that absolute monarchs could assign to do the work for that part of government

Charles V

split habsburg empire between his little brother ferdinand II, and his son phillip II; ferdinand got autria and holy roman empire; philip got spainsh territoris and the netherlands

Phillip II

puts money into the army, and creates a standing army; used his army against the ottoman empire by pope request; defeats them and gets an ego boost; he goes after england next but is defeated; this causes people to see spain can be defeated, and it weakened spain

The Reconquista

the exiling of all non catholics from spain

Escritorial

great palace built by Philip Ii

El Greco

greek artist in spain

Miguel de Cervantes

author of Don Quixote

Rembrandt van Rijn

famous dutch painter who did dark portraits

Jan Verneer

bright colored paintings of women doing ordinary things

St. Bartholomews Day Massacre

catholics attacked huguenots at the wedding of henry of navarre and catherine medici

Bourbon dynasty

started by king henry IV

Henry IV

converted to catholicism; passed theedict of nantes; was killed by a fanatic who jumped into his carraige and stabbed him