Cengage Windows Server 2019 Chapter 10.1 Vocab

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)

The first wide-area packet-switching network with distributed control and the first network to implement the TCP/IP protocol suite. Both technologies became the technical foundation of the Internet. 

Anything as a Service (Xaas)

A term for services and applications that users can access on the Internet upon request. 

Apache Web Server

A free and open-source cross-platform Web server software developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of the Apache Software Foundation. 

application pool

A group of one or more URLs that are served by a worker process or set of worker processes. The groups are used to separate sets of IIS worker processes that share the same configuration and application boundaries. 

Binary Large object (BLOB) storage

A collection of binary data stored as a single entity in a database management system. 

block storage

Technology used to store data files on SANs or cloud-based storage environments. Developers favor this when they require fast, efficient, and reliable data transportation. It breaks up data into blocks and then stores those blocks as separate pieces, each with a unique identifier. 

build automation

The process of automating the creation of a software build and the associated processes including: compiling computer source code into binary code, packaging binary code, and running automated tests. 

cloud delivery model

Defines how computing resources are made available to users via the cloud.  Essentially, it outlines how a provider delivers services like infrastructure, platforms, or software to customers. 

code repository

A file archive and web hosting facility for source code of software, documentation, web pages, and other works, accessible either publicly or privately. They are often used by open-source software projects and other multi-developer projects to maintain revision and version history, or version control.  

Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

An interface specification for web servers to execute programs like console applications running on a server that generates web pages dynamically.  Provides the middleware between WWW servers and external databases and information sources. 

compiling

Translating computer code written in one programming language into another language. 

container image

A lightweight, standalone, executable package of software that includes everything needed to run an application: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries, and settings. 

continuous deployment

A software release process that uses automated testing to validate if changes to a codebase are correct and stable for immediate autonomous deployment to a production environment. 

devop

A set of practices that combines software development and IT operations. It aims to shorten the systems development life cycle and provide continuous delivery with high software quality. 

distribution

A version of Linux. Each version shares the same Linux operating system kernel and libraries but contains different software packages that make up the remainder of the operating system. 

Docker client

Services as the primary interface for users to interact with the Docker daemon allowing users to issue Docker commands.  It communicates with the daemon using CLI or GUI.  A single instance can interact with multiple Docker daemons. 

Docker daemon

A service that runs and manages Docker containers. 

Docker Enterprise edition (EE)

A package for Windows Server from either Microsoft or Docker that you must download and installed before you can use Docker to provide for containers on a Windows Server 2019 system. This package can be obtained using one of two different Windows PowerShell modules: DockerMsftProvider and DockerProvider.  

Docker Hub

An online repository of preconfigured container images that you can download and run on your system to create one or more containers. 

dynamic link library (DLL)

A shared library file used primarily in Microsoft Windows. It contains code and data that can be used by multiple programs simultaneously.  It is a way to modularize and share functionality among different applications, making them more efficient and easier to update. 

egress fee

The costs organizations pay to move data from the cloud to another area, which vary by provider. 

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network, typically over the Internet.  

hybrid cloud

A cloud computing environment using both public and private clouds together for a specific purpose. 

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Foundational language for structuring web pages used to define the content, like headings, paragraphs, links, and images that a browser displays. 

IIS Manager

A GUI used to manage IIS allowing administrators to configure, monitor, and managed web servers and websites, including setting up user permissions and viewing server health. 

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

An instant computing infrastructure, provisioned and managed over the Internet. It is one of the four types of cloud services, along with software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), and serverless. 

Internet Server Application Programming Interface (ISAPI)

An N-tier API of Internet Information Services (IIS), Microsoft's collection of Windows-based Web server services.  

Linux Containers on Windows (LCOW)

A feature introduced in Windows Server 2019 that allows one to run Linux Containers on Windows. 

LinuxKit

A toolkit for building secure, portable, and lean operating systems for containers. 

object storage

This type of storage breaks data files up into pieces called objects. It then stores those objects in a single repository, which can be spread out across multiple networked systems. In practice, applications manage all of the objects, eliminating the need for a traditional file system. 

Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)

A standard application programming interface for accessing database management systems. The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent of database systems and operating systems. 

Cloud orchestration

Focuses on managing and automating cloud resources, infrastructure, and applications across different environments (public, private, or hybrid).  

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

A cloud computing service model that provides a complete cloud foundation for developing, running, and managing applications. It gives developers tools and services to build and deploy applications without the need to manage the underlying infrastructure 

Private cloud

A term for cloud servers that are used exclusively by the organization that owns them. 

programming language

A vocabulary and set of grammatical rules for instructing a computer or computing device to perform specific tasks. 

public cloud

A cloud consisting of cloud servers on the Internet that can be rented by others. 

Server Side Includes (SSI)

A simple, interpreted server-side scripting language used almost exclusively for the World Wide Web. It is most useful for including the contents of one or more files in a Web page on a Web server, using its #include directive. 

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Unlike IaaS and PaaS, SaaS is not used to configure virtual machines or containers. Instead, the SaaS cloud provider maintains all aspects of the network, hardware, and operating system; it merely executes the Web app that you provide. 

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

Colloquially termed a Web address. It is a reference to a Web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although many people use the two terms interchangeably. 

virtual directory

A folder that appears in a path but is not actually a subfolder of the preceding folder in the path. 

Web app

A software application that runs on a Web server, unlike computer-based software programs that are stored locally on the operating system of the device. Web applications are accessed by the user through a Web browser with an active Internet connection. 

Web app frameworks

Frameworks that provide a standard way to build and deploy Web applications on the World Wide Web. 

Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning (WebDAV)

An extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol that allows clients to perform remote Web content authoring operations. WebDAV is defined in RFC 4918 by a working group of the Internet Engineering Task Force. 

Web Server (IIS)

Internet Information Services (IIS) is a flexible, general-purpose Web server from Microsoft that runs on Windows systems to serve requested HTML pages or files. An IIS Web server accepts requests from remote client computers and returns the appropriate response. 

WebSocket

A computer communications protocol providing full-duplex communication channels over a single TCP connection. The WebSocket protocol was standardized by the IETF as RFC 6455 in 2011, and the WebSocket API in Web IDL is being standardized by the W3C. WebSocket is distinct from HTTP. 

Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL)

A compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables natively on Windows 10 and Windows Server 2019. In May 2019, WSL 2 was announced, introducing important changes such as a real Linux kernel, through a subset of Hyper-V features.