Unit 11- Chapter 31: American Life in the “Roaring Twenties” 1919-1929

What was the Red Scare

The US government responded by raiding the headquarters of radical organizations and arresting thousands of suspected radicals

Fear of what swept across the country in the years following the communist Bolshevik revolution of 1917?

Russia

During the Red Scare of 1919-1920, who did many int he US fear?

Recent immigrants and dissidents, particularly those who embraces communist, socialist, or anarchist ideology

What did the red scare result in?

A nationwide crusade against people whose Americanism was suspect

Who rounded up people who were in question (It is an attorney)

Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer

Which of the following is an example of the intolerance that became so prominent in the 1920s?

A. Passing of criminal syndicalism laws that made it illegal to advocate the use of violence to obtain social change

B. Freedom of speech was restricted

C. Growing “pro-American” ideas due to the Red Scare, leading to the ideas of anti-foreign people and immigration

D. All of the above

D

T or F? Striking employees were viewed as un-Americans

True

Did the KKK grow again? Why?

Yes, it grew in the early 1920s out of the growing intolerance and prejudices of the American public

Where was the KKK most popular?

The south and Midwest

Which one is not true= the KKK was anti-…..

A. Anti-foreign

B. Anti- Jewish

C. Anti-gambling

D. Anti-Anglo-Saxon

D

Why did the KKK fall apart in the late 1920s?

It was discovered the Klan officials were embezzling money

The criminal case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

Two men convicted of murdering a Mass. paymaster and his guard in 1921

Where Sacco and Vanzetti fairly trialed?

No because the jury and judge were prejudiced against the men since they were Italians, atheists, anarchists, and draft dodgers (all against KKK values)

What was reflected in the criminal case of Sacco and Vanzetti?

Anti redism and antiforeignism

T or F? isolationist Americans of the 1920s felt they had much use for immigrants and wanted them to come to the US

F; they felt they had no use for immigrnats

The Emergency Quotation Act of 1921

Placed a quota on the number of European immigrants who could come to America each year

The Immigration Act of 1924

Replacement of the quota Act of 1921, cutting quotas for foreigner from 3% to 2%. Ended the era of unrestricted immigration to the US

Who was banned from coming to America? Who wasn’t?

Japanese wear banned from coming to America; Canadians and Latin Americans were exempt from the act, because their close proximity made it easy to attract them when they were needed and it was easy to send them home when they were not needed

The quota system significantly reduced…

A. Immigration

B. Population in the US

C. Economic growth in America

A

The 18th Amendment

Passed in 1919; banned alcohol

Why was the 18th Amendment popular in the South and West?

White Southerns wanted to keep stimulants out of the hands of blacks, and in the west, where alcohol was associated with crime and corruption

Did the Federal government have a good or bad record of enforcing laws that controlled personal lives?

Weak, therefore Prohibitionist were naïve in believing that the law cajoled be enforced

What replaced saloons?

Speakeasies

Prohibition caused ______ to increase and ________ in industry to decrease

A. Slavery; growth

B. Bank savings; absenteeism

C. KKK ideals; money

B

Scopes Monkey Trial

In 1925, John T. Scopes was indicted in Tennessee for teaching evolution. At the “Monkey Trial,” Scopes was defended by Clarence Darrow, while former presidential candidate William Jennings Bryan prosecuted him

What was the result of the MOneky Trial

Found guilt and fined $100

How did the 1920s become a decade of “mass consumption”?

Prosperity led to increased personal debt and the economy became increasingly vulnerable to disruptions of the credit structure

WWI and Treasury Secretary Andrew Mellon’s tax policies brought _____ to the mid-20s

A. Prosperity

B. Havoc

C. Nothing

A

Who founded advertising?

Bruce Barton

What became a big business in the consumer economy of the 1920s?

Sports

T or F? Buying in credit was another new feature of the postwar economy

T

What invention allowed for voice-carrying radio broadcast?

The telegraph by Macroni in the 1890s

What drew Americans away from their home? What drew them back?

Automobiles drew Americans away from their home, but radios brought them back

What was the role the automobile played in the economy and American life?

The automobile industry started an Industrial Revolution in the 1920s, creating a new industrial system based on assembly-line methods and mass-production techniques

Henry Ford

Father of the moving assembly line (Fordism), created the Model T

T or F?By 1930, more than 20 million Model Ts were being driven in the country

T

Because the automobile industry exploded, what else flourished?

Millions of jobs and related support industries, Americas standard of living, and the petroleum business grew

Which industry was hit hard?

A. Railroad

B. Textiles

C. Ships

A

Which of the following is NOT true about the automobile industry?

A. The automobile freed up women from their dependence on men

B. Allowed suburbs to spread out

C. Responsible for millions of deaths

D. Brought excitement and pleasure into peoples lives

E. Gasoline engines from cars led to the invention of the airplane

F. There was a stock market crash

F

Who was the first man to fly solo across the Atlantic in 1927? What did the flight do?

Charles A. Lindbergh; energize the new aviation industry

What were prominent social changes of the 1920s?

• Lindbergh Law in 1932

• Larger focus on education

  • Professor John Dewy set forth the principle of “learning by doing” that formed the foundations of progressive education

• Science and healthcare improved

• Women’s rights

• Hollywood

Lindbergh LAw in 1932

Making interstate abduction in certain circumstances a death-penalty offense

What did fundamentalists believe of these social changes in the 1920s?

Fundamentalists (old-time religionists) claimed that the teaching of Darwinism evolution was destroying faith in God and the Bible, while contributing to the moral breakdown of youth

Who was “Scarface” Al Capone?

Murderous booze distributor, began 6 year old gang warfare that generated millions of dollars. He got convicted of income-tax evasion and 11 years in prison

T or F? In the big cities, it was peaceful and there were no illegal business occurring

F, violent wars broke out in the big cities between rival gangs, who sought control of the illegal booze market

In the 1920s, what became the movie capital of the world?

Hollywood

How did Hollywood help WWI?

Was used extensively in WWI as anti-German propaganda

The spread of motion picture led to …

A. The want to move to Hollywood

B. An increased assimilation of immigrants

C. Wanting to get rich and spend a lot of money

B

By the 1920s, where had most Americans moved from?

Rural areas to city areas

Margaret Sanger

Led a birth-control movement

Alice Paul

Formed the National Women’s Party in 1923 to campaign for an equal rights Amendment to the Constitution

T or F? The Fundamentalists lost ground to the Modernists who believed that God was a “good guy” and the universe was a friendly place

T

Flappers

Young women who expressed their disdain from tradition women behavior by wearing short skirts, drinking, driving cars, and smoking

What thrived in the 1920s

A. Jazz

B. Romanticism

C. Want for overseas power

A

UNIA

Marcus Garvey founded the United Negro Improvement Association to promote the resettlement of blacks in Africa

After WWI, what happened to the new generation of writers?

They gave American literature new life, imaginativeness, and artistic quality

Modernism

Philosophical movement during the 1920s; a key component of this movement was the questioning of social conventions

Harlem renaissance

Black cultural movement that grew out of Harlem Architecture; also became popular as materialism and functionalism became popular

As the 1920s closed, were the regionals that the economic boom of the decade might be ending? How so?

• in the 1920s, the stock market became increasingly popular to the average citizen

• The Federal government did little to manage the national debt after WWI

Bureau of the Budget

• In 1921, the Republican Congress created the Bureau of the Budget to help the President submit an annual budget to Congress

What was Andrew Mellons belief of taxes?

Thought that taxes forced the rich to invest in tax-exempt securities rather than in factories; this hurt businesses

Did Mellon help rich or the poor? How?

Rich; Mellon helped create a series of tax reductions from 1921-1926 to help rich people

What did Congress eliminate during this time?

Gift tax, reduced excise tax, the surtax, the income tax, and estate tax

Where did Mellons policies shift the tax burden from

From the worthy to the middle income groups

Did Mellon reduce debt?

Yes; by $10 billon