Abraham Exam 3

Kaaba

A cube-shaped building at the center of Mecca. Considered the most sacred site in Islam. According to Islamic tradition, it was built by Abraham

Zam-zam

Well located in the synagogue east of the Kabba. It was revealed to Hagar by an angel to provide water for her son while they were in the desert

Safa & Marwa

Two small hills 7 miles apart that moving between is a rite of pilgramage. It commemorates Hagar’s desperate search for water for Ismail, during which she ran between the two hills before the Zam-zam well was revealed.

According to Targums Pseudo-Jonathan & Neofiti, who were Hagar’s father and grandfather?

Hagar was the daughter of Pharaoh. Her grandfather would therefore be the previous Pharaoh

According to Ramban, what are the consequences of Abraham’s and Sarah’s mistreatment of Hagar in Genesis 16?

Abraham and Sarah’s mistreatment of Hagar was a sin. The consequence was that Hagar’s descendants (the Ishmaelites) would eventually oppress the descendants of Abraham and Sarah

Name one of the possible connotations of the word “playing” in Genesis 21:9, according to Genesis Rabbah

has several dark connotations, including idolatry, sexual immorality, or attempted m*rder (archery)

According to Genesis Rabbah, why do Hagar & Ishmael run out of water?

because Sarah cast an "evil eye" on Ishmael, causing him to fall ill and consume the water rapidly

According to Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer, why do they run out of water?

because Abraham gave them only a small amount, testing them or showing the limits of his provision

According to Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer & Martin Luther, who is Keturah?

as being Hagar

According to Martin Luther, what does God want to teach Hagar & Ishmael by exiling them in the wilderness?

to teach them humility and to show that salvation comes from God's promise, not from fleshly heritage or human effort

What do Abraham and Ishamel build together in Muslim interpretation?

Abraham and Ishmael build the Kaaba together in Mecca

What do Abraham and Ishmael pray for in Quran 2:129? Who claims to be the fulfillment of that prayer?

for God to send a Messenger from among their descendants to teach them the Scripture and wisdom. Muhammad claims to be the fulfillment of this prayer

What is Abraham commanded to proclaim in Quran 22:27?

the Hajj (Pilgrimage) to all mankind.

Name one contemporary analogy that Weems uses for Sarah & Hagar’s relationship.

of surrogacy or the "mammy" figure in the context of African American history to describe Hagar's relationship to Sarah

According to Pirke d’Rabbi Eliezer, who performed Abraham’s circumcision? On what later Jewish holiday did his circumcision take place?

Shem did, It took place on Yom Kippur

According to Romans (New Testament), what makes Abraham righteous? Who are Abraham’s true descendants (plural)?

Abraham is made righteous by faith (before he was circumcised). His true descendants are those who share the faith of Abraham, whether circumcised or uncircumcised

According to Galatians (New Testament), who is Abraham’s true descendant (singular)? Should non-Jewish converts to Christianity be circumcised?

The true descendant (singular) is Christ. Paul argues that non-Jewish converts should not be circumcised, as it implies the Law is necessary for salvation rather than Christ

According to James (New Testament), what is necessary for salvation in addition to faith?

that works (actions) are necessary for salvation in addition to faith; "faith without works is dead

According to Martin Luther, what is the only difference between Abraham’s faith and “our” faith (that is, the faith of Christians)?

the only difference is the direction of time: Abraham looked forward to the promised Christ, while "we" (Christians) look back at the Christ who has already come

According to Maimonides, can a Gentile (non-Jew) ever claim Abraham as a father?

Yes, Maimonides ruled that a convert or even a Gentile who observes the Noahide laws can refer to Abraham as their father because he is the "father of many nations" and the teacher of monotheism

According to John the Baptist in Matthew 3, what is God able to raise children of Abraham from?

from stones

According to Jesus in John 8, who is the true father of his Jewish opponents?

their true father is the devil, because they do not act like Abraham

According to Luther, what are the three categories of descendants of Abraham?

1. Descendants by flesh only (unbelieving Jews). 

2. Descendants by faith only (Gentile believers). 

3. Descendants by both flesh and faith (believing Jews like the Apostles).

In the Quran, why does God refuse to extend the covenant to Abraham’s descendants?

God refuses to extend the covenant to those among Abraham’s descendants who are wrongdoers (evildoers), stating, "My covenant does not include the wrongdoers."

How many times does Hagar run between Safwa and Marwa?

7