Unit 2- Cell Structure and Function

nucleus

Contains the cell's DNA and controls its growth and reproduction, contains chromatin 

mitochondria

sites of aerobic respiration and generally are the major energy production center in cells. Produce ATP

ribosomes

are floating in cytoplasm or attached to the ER, synthesizes proteins

rough ER

has ribosomes attached and plays a role in protein synthesis, protein, and protein folding

smooth ER

A network of membranes for transporting and synthesizing lipids

golgi apparatus

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or out of the cell. Stack of membranes flattened sacs and is directly associated with the ER

lysosomes

Contain hydrolytic enzymes that are necessary for intercellular digestion of macromolecules. Degrade worn out organelles. Products of their degradation can be reused

vacuoles

Membrane-bound sacs that store water, nutrients, and waste. Plant cells have a large central

cytoskeleton

Play numerous roles in the cells such as support, structure, and movement

cell membrane

Thin membrane is essential in controlling exchange between the cells and its environment. Acts as a barrier, but allows a controlled traffic if materials across it in both directions. Partially semi-permeable

vesicle

contains newly synthesized proteins separate from the end of the rough ER. Used to ship them to other parts of the cell or outside the cell, can also be shipped to the Golgi Apparatus

ATP

the universal energy carrier of cells from organic molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

nucleolus

used in the production of ribosomes

chromatin

uncondensed DNA and serves as the blueprint for controlling the cells functions and for building more cells

cytoplasm

aqueous material contains numerous other organelles

peroxisomes

responsible for protecting the cells as they rid the body of toxic substances such as hydrogen peroxide. Break down fat

cilia

minute hair-like organelles involved in movement of mucus out of the lungs and the egg in the fallopian tube

flagella

similar to cilia but longer and typically found on sperm

microtubules

found in cilia and flagella