Social Studies Chapters: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6,
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Last updated 8:15 PM on 3/18/25
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23 Terms
1
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Arabia
A peninsula in the Middle East, influencing nomadic lifestyles due to its vast deserts and limited water resources.
2
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Kaaba
A sacred building in Mecca that served as a major religious center for various tribes worshipping different gods before the advent of Islam.
3
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Mecca
The birthplace of Muhammad and the holiest city in Islam.
4
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Prophet Muhammad
The founder of Islam who received revelations from Allah through the angel Gabriel, forming the basis of the Quran.
5
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Quran
The holy book of Islam, considered to be the literal word of God.
6
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Five Pillars of Islam
The core practices of Islam including Shahada (faith), Salat (prayer), Zakat (almsgiving), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage).
7
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Caliphs
Leaders of the Muslim community after Muhammad's death.
8
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Sunnis
Muslims who believe the caliph should be elected from among the community.
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Shia
Muslims who believe that leadership should remain within Muhammad’s family, specifically with Ali.
10
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Rightly Guided Caliphs
The first four caliphs after Muhammad: Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali.
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Umayyad Dynasty
The first major Islamic dynasty (661-750) that significantly expanded the Muslim empire.
12
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Abbasid Dynasty
The dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads, known for its cultural and intellectual advancements (750-1258).
13
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Ottoman Empire
One of the longest-lasting empires (1299-1922), significant in the spread of Islam.
14
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Baghdad
Rose to become one of the world's largest cities due to its location on a network of trade routes.
15
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Ibn Sina
A Persian physician whose medical encyclopedia became the standard medical text in Europe for hundreds of years.
16
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The Thousand and One Nights
A collection of folk tales offering insight into early Muslim life and traditions.
17
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Sikhism
A new religion that emerged in India around 1500 CE, influenced by Hinduism and Islam, founded by Guru Nanak.
18
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Guru Granth Sahib
The holy book of Sikhism, considered the final teacher of the Sikh community.
19
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Bhakti Movement
A religious movement emphasizing personal devotion and inclusivity in worship among Hindus.
20
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Vishnu
A Hindu deity known as the protector.
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Shiva
A Hindu deity known as the transformer.
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Devi
A Hindu deity known as the divine mother.
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Caste System
A hierarchical structure in Indian society that Sikhism opposed.
