ap human geography chapter 7 test

find employment and buy property

In the past, many urban areas where viewed as "male spaces" because women had comparatively few opportunities to

engage in regular exercise

Today, city planners work to create healthy urban environments by designing neighborhoods and streets that allow residents to

areas easily accessible to the city center earn the highest rents

Under the bid rent theory,

high-speed rail lines

In a futuristic version of Hoyt's sector model, low-income populations would most likely to live close to

would attract more people then cities located far apart

The gravity model, which can be used to calculate the bonds between different urban centers, assumes that two cities located close together

jobs in large cities

Residents of edge cities and suburban areas have long depended on automobiles and public transportation to acess

the city's core

A greenbelt policy encourages a city to curb the amount of construction on a city's edges to encourage growth in

structural assimilation

The persistence of ethnic urban enclaves in major American cities could be cited as evidence to support all of the following phenomena EXCEPT

desegregation and economic development within the ghetto

In the United States, it has been demonstrated that a sudden influx of wealth into an urban area typically leads to

the aging Baby Boomer population

In many American cities, public transportation and emergency response services must be improved within the next 25 years primarily to serve

grassroots organizations

Landless residents of large cities often band together to address their concerns through political demonstrations that may later solidify into

an urban heat island

When a city is NOT designed to be sustainable and eco-friendly, it has the potential to become

a racial movement

The 1970s and the 1980s departure of Caucasian middle- and high income families from urban areas to outlying areas, termed white flight, was characterized primarily as

democratically controlled and community-owned

Housing cooperatives present a unique housing option for many urban residents, as they are often

bigger, more streamlined roads

Opponents of automobile dependency in cities argue that traffic congestion creates a constant demand for

arts and creative jobs

One reason cities develop affordable urban housing and working spaces is to encourage an increase in the number of

high incomes and elite lifestyles

Increasingly, residents of gated communities, both within cities and in suburbs, are commonly recognized as having

businesses and housing to be close together

Many American cities developed unevenly between the Industrial Revolution and the late 1900s because developers and investors rejected city plans that allowed

to migrate progressively away from the central business district

The concentric zone model demonstrates a way that urban residents were able to gradually move up economically and socially by allowing them

different industries where located throughout the city

In Harris and Ullman's multiple-nuclei model, a city could be understood as lacking a central business district if

subsidized housing blocks within the city

After World War II, the governments of many European nations countered urban housing shortages by building

pedestrian walkways and bicycle paths

Until recently, many transportation plans for urban areas failed to create space for environmentally friendly corridors for transportation such as

enter into mortgages and receive home loans

As an urban neighborhood's socioeconomic status decreases, its residents are more likely to be denied the opportunity to

in the central city

Studies in urban areas such as Washington, DC< have indicated that when the number of high-wage jobs increases in the suburbs, the number of low-wage jobs is likely to rise

multiple cities that have merged

Many of today's emerging megacities, such as Rio de Janeiro and Guangzhou are actually NOT one distinct city but

gentrification

The term white flight is associated with all of the following EXCEPT

the size of the cities and less developed areas surrounding them

Central place theory lost ground in the 20th century as city networks came to be seen as determining the importance of cities more then

Copenhagen, Denmark

An excellent example of a primate city that serves as the focus of a country and its culture is

increasingly farther away from the central city

Since the 1980s, there has been a trend to build suburbs and edge cities within the United States

at least two different ethnic and religious populations

In the city of Jerusalem, the concentric zone model can be modified to account for the presence of at least two central business districts for

Alexandria, Egypt

Which of the following was a global city in the Western world during the time of the Greek and Roman Empires?

have the same income and shop the same way

Christaller's central place theory, which provides a reason why a certain number of human settlements exist in an urban system, assumes that all consumers

all of the citizens in a given country

The rank-size rule does NOT always fit when one considers

commuter zone

The concentric zone model is portrayed as a series of rings, with the outermost ring being the

plan events that will increase the number of residents and visitors within the district

A city seeking to recognize an inactive central business district should take steps to

make sure that the city government functions correctly

In cities such as Chicago, individuals who take positions as members of a municipal council primarily engage in activities to

banks and other leading institutions

During the 1950s, many urban American neighborhoods came to be segregated because of redlining, a practice engaged in by

major lines of transportation will carry commuters to outlying areas

In the sector model, also known as the Hoyt model, it is proposed cities often grow outward from their centers because

The Mid-Atlantic

Which area of the United States is known as a megalopolis?

raises property value throughout a neighborhood

Green building is a form of gentrification because it

generate an agricultural surplus

During the Neolithic Revolution, the majority of cities originated in areas where the population was able to

The peasants

In Europe's Industrial Revolution, the rate of rural-urban migration increased as many members of which group left the fields for the factories?

complex kinship structures

The earliest cities appear to have developed from villages in which much of the population was already linked by

Overcrowding in urban areas

What is the likely result of a rapid rise in the rate of real-urban migration?

pilgrims and pilgrimages

Many of the earliest cities grew rapidly because they were religious centers that attracted

the sale of agricultural harvests

Many political leaders in the earliest cities funded centralized administrations by taxes collected on

raise agricultural crops

When rural-urban migration is a cycle rather than a flow, it is likely because rural residents must return to rural areas to

air pollution

A major problem facing modern megacities is

International business centers

World cities, like New York and London, are characterized as such primarily because they are home to

gentrification

In global cities, frequent displacement of minority populations with low incomes is often caused by the process of

decentralization and urban sprawl

Suburbanization causes cities to loser populations to areas surrounding them, which leads to

the smaller cities of a country

A common exception to the rank-size rule occurs when the largest, or primate, city of a country is NOT much bigger than

market areas

Christaller's central place theory explains that settlements will form in a triangular/hexagonal lattice, with the geometric shapes forming

major roads and airports

Edge cities typically grow on the border of large urban centers at points near what

Pedestrian Epoch

All of the following are part of Borchert's Epochs theory of urban transportation EXCEPT

the desire to obtain the good

In central place theory, range, or the maximum distance a consumer will travel to buy a good, is proportional to

the evolution of patterns

The gravity model, used to predict flows of human activity between places, has been criticized for its inability to take into account

what people will pay for the land

In a concentric zone model, the zones outside the core are sized according to

Great Britain

The sector model, developed by Hoyt in the late 1930s, is accurate in explaining the growth of numerous industrial cities in

1940s

Geographers Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman developed their multiple-nuclei model during a time when many people began to use cars to navigate cities more easily. Which decade was it?

two towns

The simplest form of gravity model looks at the interaction between

suburban downtowns

The multiple- nuclei model holds that a typical metropolitan area has multiple centers, one of which is the central business district (CBD) and the others of which are

service jobs

As many cities discourage heavy industry from taking place within city limits, they work to motivate urban employers to increase the number of

agglomeration

Shopping malls are an example of

the threshold

In central place theory, the size of the population required to make it economically feasible to provide certain services is called

ghettoization

American cities experiencing deindustrialization have simultaneously been prone to an increase in

local, state, and federal agencies

Public housing is typically defined as affordable housing offered to low-income urban residents by

well manicured and gated

Housing in edge cities is often meant to create a semirural space in which houses and gardens are typically

A grid of roads

When a city's terrain is rugged and the city lacks basic infrastructure, which type of network offers the most flexibility for urban transportation?

help urban residents evacuate in response to natural disasters

In the United States, cities in areas that have a high chance of being affected by natural disasters are required to develop emergency transit plans to