F4 BIO Chapter 14

Support and Movement in Humans and Animals

Types of skeletons

Exoskeleton, endoskeleton, hydrostatic skeleton

Which organisms has exoskeleton?

Insects and crabs

Which organisms has hydrostatic organisms?

Earthworms, jellyfish, starfish

Importance of skeletal system

Move from one place to another in search of food, partners, or to escape from predators and threats

Function of exoskeleton

Support and protect body organs and enable these animals to move

Function of hydrostatic skeleton

Maintain a rigid body shape

Function of endoskeleton

Maintain body shape, support soft body tissues and protect internal organs from injury

Human skeletal system is made up of …

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Axial skeleton consists of …

Skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum

Appendicular skeleton includes …

Pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs

Each vertebra has an opening known as the …

Neural canal

… is located in the neural canal

Spinal cord

Atlas vertebra

-first cervical vertebra

-large neural canal

-small spinous process

-a pair of transverse foramina

-no centrum

-vertebra articulates with the skull

Axial vertebra

-second cervical vertebra

-large spinous process

-small transverse process

-a pair of transverse foramina

-has an odontoid process that articulates with the facet of the atlas vertebra’s neural canal

Cervical vertebrae

-short spinous process

-small centrum

-wide and short transverse process

-a pair of transverse foramina