Unit 4 - Dual Enrollment U.S. History

3rd war with Britain

war fought through books, magazines, and newspapers, starting after the Panic of 1837, AhhhhhhhH!

Caroline

1837, a vessel carrying supplies for a revolution in Canada, attacked by Canadians, the ship was burnt and one American died, A Canadian named McLeod was nearly executed for the event.

Oregon fever

went as far north as 54 40’ - claimed by Spain, US, Britain & Russia- US claim through Lewis & Clark

Oregon trail

2,000 mile trial took 150,000 on a six month journey to the unclaimed NW, most casualties came from accidents and drowning

Plains Indians

350,000 Native Americans NW of the Indian Territory ignored people on the Oregon trail that didn’t stay.

Donner Party

April 1846 - April1847, Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California, the rest were appetizers for the trail

Election of 1844

• Democrat James K. Polk- former speaker of the House, annex Texas, claimed Oregon to 54 40, promised only one term, lowered tariff, returning the treasury, and the acquisition of California, 

• Whig Henry Clay lost

Texas

Mexico threatened war with the US if annexed Texas, Britain wanted a free Texas for the tariff free markets and cotton farming, but Texas was added by a joint Resolution of Congress under John Tyler

54 40” or Fight!

US demanded an Oregon Boundary at 54 50’ with Canada, but it was settled by Polk at 49 degrees

Manifest Destiny

belief that God had ordained the westward expansion of the US because they were superior, supported Polk for President in 1844, ultimately added Texas, the Oregon Territory and SW US

Causes of the Mexican War

1. Mexico severed relations with the US after it annexed Texas

2. US wanted California and tried to force Mexico to sell it over a $3 million debt 

3. Polk ordered Zachary Taylor to cross the Nueces River, a clash with Mexican forces caused 17 casualties & 8 dead against 100 Mexican deaths

Spot Resolution

Polk stated American blood had been spilled on American soil, Lincoln challenged him and was laughed out of Congress

Mexican War Problems

US Army was unprepared and outnumbered initially 7000-32000, severe licorice shortage caused desertions

Santa Anna (Antonio Lopez)

Antonio Lopez exiled in Puerto Rico, offered to sell California to the US if the US helped him get back to Mexico, but he broke his promise

California Bear Flag Republic

John C. Fremont captured the Mexican governor June 14, 1845 and started a separate country

Stephen W. Kearny

captured Santa Fe without firing a shot

Zachary Taylor

ordered to guard the US border at Texas, invaded Mexico against orders and defeated Santa Anna’s force four times his armies’ at Buena Vista

Winfield Scott

War of 1812 veteran, led the US army into Mexico City and controlled Mexico, asked to stay and lead Mexico when US forces were leaving.

“all of Mexico” movement

the Americans attempted to take all of Mexico, major problem to police all of the land, and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo stopped Mexico’s annexation

Nicholas P. Trist

sent by Polk to negotiate a peace treaty with Mexico, Polk fired him but he stayed and negotiated the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

gave the US the Mexican Cession (New Mexico, Arizona, California,Colorado, Utah & Nevada) for $15 million and the $3.25 million in debt.