PHA 6114 LEC - Parasitology PART 1

PARASITOLOGY

Study of parasites

Parasites

Organisms that live on and obtain their nutrients from another organism

OBLIGATORY PARASITE

FACULTATIVE PARASITE

ENDOPARASITE

ECTOPARASITE

TYPES OF PARASITE

OBLIGATORY PARASITE

Parasite that cannot survive outside of a host

FACULTATIVE PARASITE

Parasite that is capable of existing independently of a host

ENDOPARASITE

Parasite that is established inside of a host

INFECTION

can cause diseases, multiplication of endoparasites

ECTOPARASITE

Parasite that is established in or on the exterior surface (topically) of a host

INFESTATION

uncontrollable na multiplication of

microorganisms such as lice in hair (outside the body) multiplies

ENDOPARASITE

causes INFECTION

ECTOPARASITE

causes INFESTATION

ACCIDENTAL OR INCIDENTAL HOST

DEFINITIVE HOST

INTERMEDIATE HOST

RESERVOIR HOST

TRANSPORT HOST

CARRIER

TYPES OF HOST

ACCIDENTAL OR INCIDENTAL HOST

Host other than the normal one that is harboring a parasite

DEFINITIVE HOST

Host in which the adult or sexual phase of parasite development occurs

INTERMEDIATE HOST

Host in which the larval or asexual phase of parasite development occurs

RESERVOIR HOST

Host harboring parasites that are parasitic for humans and from which humans may become infected

TRANSPORT HOST:

Host responsible for transferring a parasite from one location to another

CARRIER

Parasite-harboring host that is not exhibiting any clinical symptoms but can infect others.

COMMENSALISM

MUTUALISM

PARASITISM

SYMBIOSIS

COMMENSAL

PATHOGENIC

PARASITE-HOST RELATIONSHIP

COMMENSALISM

Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one and neutral to the other

MUTUALISM

Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to both

PARASITISM

Association of two different species of organisms that is beneficial to one at the other's expense

SYMBIOSIS

Living together; the association of two living organisms, each of a different species

COMMENSAL

Relating to commensalism; the association between two different organisms in which one benefits and has a neutral effect on the other

PATHOGENIC

Parasite that has demonstrated the ability to cause disease

Lymphatic filariasis

commonly known as elephantiasis, is a painful and profoundly disfiguring disease.

nematodes

Elephantiasis caused by infection with parasites classified as ____ (roundworms) of the family Filariodidea that are transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitos

PROTOZOA

SINGLE-CELLED PARASITES

PROTOZOA

Amebas

PROTOZOA

Flagellates

PROTOZOA

Ciliates

PROTOZOA

Sporozoans

METAZOA

Multicellular Parasites

METAZOA

Helminths

METAZOA

Roundworms

METAZOA

Flukes

METAZOA

Tapeworms

PROTOZOAN

Unicellular organisms

PROTOZOAN

Animal-like protists

false; none

t or f: protozoans have cell wall

○ Ectoplasm (outer)

○ Endoplasm (inner)

2 regions of the cytoplasm protozoans:

false; at least one

t or f: protozoans Contains at least 2, and some several nuclei

true

t or f: some protozoans contain vacuoles

locomotion

prtozoans have special organs for __

AMEBAS

It is important to note that only one of the intestinal amebas, E. histolytica, may produce characteristic symptoms, and is universally considered to be a pathogen.

lumen of intestine

Loc of intestinal species of amebas

found in other target organs such as lung, liver, and brain

Loc of extraintestinal species of amebas

Entamoeba histolytica

Causative agent for Amebic dysentery (dysentery

refers to bloody diarrhea or diarrhea with streak of

blood), amebic abscess

true

t or f: Entamoeba histolytica is pathogenic

Entamoeba histolytica

Worldwide, a leading cause of parasitic death

infective

cysts of Entamoeba histolytica are in __ form

Cysts or trophozoites

Entamoeba histolytica: __ and __ in stool are diagnostic test,

or amoebic abscess fluid or sigmoidoscopy

specimen

trophozoites

Entamoeba histolytica: If no cysts - ____ is the infective stage

cyst

Entamoeba histolytica: If with cysts and trophozoites - ___ is infective

stage

false; asymptomatic

t or f: symptomatic carrier state or can cause dysentery or bloody diarrhea, which can be severe, and abscesses in liver, spleen, lung, brain

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Entamoeba histolytica

One to four nuclei

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Entamoeba histolytica

Central karyosome

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Entamoeba histolytica

Fine and even

peripheral chromatin

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Entamoeba histolytica

Rounded chromatoid

bar

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Entamoeba histolytica

Young cysts can

contain glycogen vacuole

TROPHOZOITE Entamoeba histolytica

Rapid and directional motion

TROPHOZOITE Entamoeba histolytica

One nucleus with central karyosome

TROPHOZOITE Entamoeba histolytica

Ingested red blood

cells (RBCs) are

diagnostic

false; commensal

t or f: Entamoeba coli is pathogenic

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Entamoeba coli

One to eight nuclei,

more than four to differentiate from Entamoeba histolytica

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Entamoeba coli

Eccentric karyosome

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Entamoeba coli

Uneven peripheral

chromatin

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Entamoeba coli

Splintered end

chromatoid bar

TROPHOZOITE Entamoeba coli

Slow motility

TROPHOZOITE Entamoeba coli

One nucleus with

eccentric karyosome

TROPHOZOITE Entamoeba coli

Coarse cytoplasm

true

t or f: Endolimax nana is commensal

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Endolimax nana

One to four nuclei with

blot-like karyosome

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Endolimax nana

No chromatoid bodies

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Endolimax nana

May have poorly

defined glycogen mass

TROPHOZOITE Endolimax nana

Finely granular

vacuolated cytoplasm

TROPHOZOITE Endolimax nana

Blunt pseudopods

TROPHOZOITE Endolimax nana

Sluggish,

nonprogressive motility

commensal

Iodamoeba butschlii parasite host relation

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Iodamoeba butschlii

Prominent glycogen

vacuole

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Iodamoeba butschlii

Iodine-cyst: glycogen

mass typically picks up the iodine stain; it will form an iodine cyst and is thus characteristically recognizable.

TROPHOZOITE Iodamoeba butschlii

Coarsely granular cytoplasm with vacuoles and bacteria

TROPHOZOITE Iodamoeba butschlii

Blunt pseudopod

TROPHOZOITE Iodamoeba butschlii

Sluggishly progressive

motility

pathogenic

Naegleria fowleri parasite host relationship

Naegleria fowleri

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

Trophozoites

Naegleria fowleri: ___ in CSF, in brain tissue, or at autopsy

false; no known cyst

Naegleria fowleri: Cysts: there is known cyst form

yes pero pagdrink lang no

yes or no can get infected with Naegleria when contaminated water goes up into your nose?

Pathogen

Acanthamoeba sp. parasite host relationship

Acanthamoeba sp.

Causative agent of Granulomatous amoebic

encephalitis (GAE)

GAE

Stiff neck, headaches, seizures, can

progress rapidly

Keratitis

Ocular pain, vision impairment

CYST Acanthamoeba sp.

○ Double cell wall

○ One nucleus

TROPHOZOITE Acanthamoeba sp.

○ One nucleus

○ Slow motility

Also known as G. intestinalis or G. duodenalis

Giardia lamblia

true

Giardia lamblia is pathogenic

Giardiasis

traveler's diarrhea

infective

in Giardia lamblia Cysts are ____ form

INFECTIVE STAGE: CYST Giardia lamblia

○ One to four nuclei

○ Four axonemes

○ Four median bodies