European Integration: Key Milestones and Setbacks (1950-2025)

These flashcards cover the key concepts, milestones, and major events of European integration from 1950 to 2025, based on the provided lecture notes.

What common initiative failed from 1950-1954?

1. European Economic Community (EEC)

2. European Defense Community (EDC) (Correct)

3. Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

4. Single European Act (SEA)

What was the European Defense Community proposed by?

1. Charles de Gaulle & Konrad Adenauer

2. Winston Churchill & Clement Attlee

3. René Pleven & Jean Monnet, supported by Harry Truman. (Correct)

4. Helmut Kohl & François Mitterrand

What was a major reason for the failure of the EDC?

1. Lack of financial support from the US

2. It was rejected by the French National Assembly. (Correct)

3. Opposition from Germany

4. Britain's refusal to join

What did the Treaty of Rome (1957) establish?

1. The European Defense Community

2. The Single European Act

3. The Lisbon Treaty

4. The European Economic Community and the common market. (Correct)

What was the purpose of EURATOM established by the Treaty of Rome?

1. To manage agricultural policy

2. To establish a common defense force

3. To create a common market for nuclear energy. (Correct)

4. To promote cultural exchange

What was the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) established in 1962?

1. A policy proposed by France to create a common market for agriculture. (Correct)

2. A policy to integrate European industries

3. A framework for common foreign policy

4. A measure to reduce tariffs on industrial goods

What caused the 'Empty Chair Crisis' in 1965-6?

1. Dispute over Britain's entry into the EC

2. Crisis over nuclear energy policy

3. Disagreements regarding CAP financing and voting procedures. (Correct)

4. Failure to ratify the Treaty of Rome

What did the Luxembourg Compromise of 1966 allow?

1. The immediate implementation of Qualified Majority Voting for all decisions

2. France to completely withdraw from the EC

3. Established that QMV would be used, but any member could veto a proposal claiming it was vital to their national interest. (Correct)

4. A framework for common defense policy

When did Britain first apply to join the EC?

1. In 1957 and 1960

2. In 1963 and 1967. (Correct)

3. In 1973 and 1975

4. In 1986 and 1992

Why did De Gaulle reject Britain's application to the EC?

1. He believed Britain's economy was too weak

2. He believed Britain was too committed to the US and NATO. (Correct)

3. He wanted Britain to join EURATOM first

4. He thought Britain would dominate the EC

Which countries joined the EC in 1973?

1. Spain, Portugal, Greece

2. Britain, Denmark, and Ireland. (Correct)

3. Germany, France, Italy

4. Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg

What was a significant outcome of the 1975 UK referendum on EC membership?

1. 52% of Britons voted to leave the EC

2. Britain decided not to join the EC

3. 67% of Britons voted to remain in the EC. (Correct)

4. The referendum was inconclusive

What was the primary aim of the Single European Act (1986)?

1. To establish a common currency

2. To create a common defense policy

3. To overcome Eurosclerosis and re-launch European integration. (Correct)

4. To expand the EC to Eastern European countries

What major treaty was signed by EU countries in 2009?

1. The Maastricht Treaty

2. The Treaty of Rome

3. The Treaty of Nice

4. The Lisbon Treaty. (Correct)

What significant event occurred in the EU in 2016?

1. The signing of the Treaty of Lisbon

2. A major expansion of the Eurozone

3. The UK referendum resulted in 52% voting pro-Brexit. (Correct)

4. The election of a new European Commission President

What conflict began in Europe in 2022?

1. The Syrian Civil War

2. The Bosnian War

3. Putin invaded Ukraine. (Correct)

4. The Kosovo War

What is a major concern regarding the future of the EU?

1. Over-integration and federalization

2. Lack of economic growth in member states

3. Rise of Euroskepticism and far-right movements. (Correct)

4. Decrease in global influence