Curved Gram Negative Rods (Exam 2)

Campylobacter Gram Stain

Campylobacter colonies

What kind of agar can be used to culture Campylobacter?

- CAMPY-BAP

- CAMPY- CVA

- CAMPY-Charcoal

Campylobacter must be incubated on its own selective media at ______C.

42C

Campylobacter is ______ (aerophilic/etc.).

microaerophilic

Campylobacter is oxidase and catalase ______.

positive

What are the strains of Campylobacter?

- C. jejuni

- C. coli

- C. fetus

What test should be used to differentiate C. jejuni from C. coli?

Hippurate

C. jejuni is hippurate ______, while C. coli is hippurate ______.

positive, negative

C. jejuni and C. coli are both susceptible to ______ and resistant to ______.

nalidixic acid, cephalothin

Campylobacter can cause gastroenteritis with exposure to ______ or ingestion of contaminated ...

farm animals, water/dairy/poultry

Campylobacter can be transmitted ______, person-to-person.

sexually

Campylobacter gastroenteritis has an incubation period of ______ days after ingestion.

2-10 days

What are the S/Sx of Campylobacter gastroenteritis?

Cramps, bloody diarrhea, fever, chills

Self-limiting, resolves in 2-6 days

C. fetus is hippurate ______.

negative

C. fetus is resistant to ______ and susceptible to ______.

nalidixic acid, cephalothin

Helicobacter pylori is associated with gastric, peptic and duodenal ______.

ulcers

Helicobacter pylori may have ______ transmission.

human-to-human

Helicobacter pylori may be found in ______.

fresh ground water

Helicobacter pylori presence increases the risk of gastric ______.

cancer

Helicobacter pylori can be detected via gastric ______.

biopsy

Helicobacter pylori can be tested via ______ test or ______ test.

urea (2 hour)/CLO

Helicobacter pylori can be detected via a urea ______ test.

breath

Helicobacter pylori antigen can be detected in ______ samples.

stool

Helicobacter pylori can also be detected via ______.

PCR

Enterobacterales and Vibrionaceae can be differentiated with a ______ test.

oxidase

Enterobacterales are oxidase ______, while Vibrionaceae are oxidase ______.

negative, positive

Vibrio Gram Stain

Vibrio cause ______ or ______ infections, sometimes septicemia.

gastrointestinal, wound

Vibrio are ______ anaerobes.

facultative

Vibrio are oxidase _______ and ______ reducers.

positive, nitrate

Vibrio are susceptible to ______.

O/129

Vibrio are inositol ______.

negative

What are the Vibrio sucrose fermenters?

V. cholerae (also VP positive), V. alginolyticus

What are the Vibrio sucrose non-fermenters?

V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus (lactose fermenter)

Vibrio require ______ to grow (except for V. cholerae and V. mimicus).

NaCl

Vibrio cholerae produces ______.

cholera toxin

The cholera toxin B subunit binds to ______ receptor.

GM1-ganglioside

The A2 subunit of the cholera toxin facilitates entry of ______ into the cell.

A1

Once in the cell, the A1 subunit of the cholera toxin stimulates production of ______.

adenylate cyclase

This increases the levels of ______.

cAMP

cAMP stimulates hypersecretion of ______ and ______ out of the cell, causing dehydration.

electrolytes, water

Vibrio cholerae colonies on blood agar

Vibrio cholerae is commonly ______ hemolytic.

beta

Vibrio cholerae on MacConkey agar is ______ fermenting.

non-lactose (no pink)

Vibrio cholerae on Hektoen agar is ______ fermenting.

sucrose (yellow colonies)

Vibrio cholerae on TCBS is ______ fermenting.

sucrose (yellow colonies)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is associated with ______ and ______ infections.

gastroenteritis, wound

Vibrio parahaemolyticus requires 1-8% ______ for growth.

NaCl

Vibrio parahaemolyticus colonies on BAP are ______ in color.

gray/brown

Vibrio parahaemolyticus on Hektoen shows ______ and ______ fermenting.

non-sucrose, non-lactose

On Hektoen, Vibrio parahaemolyticus shows no ______ production, as well.

H2S

Vibrio parahaemolyticus on TCBS

Non-sucrose fermenting

TCBS is selective for ______ and differentiates based on ______ fermentation.

Vibrios, sucrose

Vibrio require alkaline peptone water broth with 1% ______ for growth.

NaCl

Aeromonas

Aeromonas causes what diseases?

Gastroenteritis, septicemia and wound infections

Aeromonas colonies

Most are beta-hemolytic

Aeromonas on MacConkey agar shows ______ fermentation.

lactose (most)

On CIN, Aeromonas shows ______ colonies.

pink

Aeromonas are oxidase ______ and glucose ______.

positive, non-fermenters

Most Aeromonas are indole ______.

positive

Aeromonas are ______ to O/129.

resistant

Plesiomonas shigelloides causes ______ and ______ infections.

gastroenteritis, wound

Plesiomonas shigelloides don't grow in increased ______.

NaCl

Plesiomonas shigelloides require at least ______C temperature for growth.

8C

Most Plesiomonas are lactose ______.

fermenters (might be slow)

Plesiomonas are oxidase ______.

positive

Plesiomonas is ______ to O/129.

sensitive

Plesiomonas ferments ______.

inositol

Plesiomonas