Unit 1: Period 1: 1491-1607 (copy)

Christopher Columbus Arrival

Marked the beginning of the Contact Period in 1492, ending in 1607 with the first English settlement.

Bering Land Bridge

The land bridge that connected Eurasia and North America, allowing the first people to inhabit North and South America.

Pre-Columbian Era

The period before Christopher Columbus' arrival in the New World, populated by Native Americans.

Culture Clash

Conflicts and misunderstandings that occurred between European settlers and Native Americans due to differing cultures and technologies.

Permanent Settlements

Communities developed by indigenous societies in North America, supported by the spread of maize cultivation.

Nomadic Hunting and Gathering Tribes

Tribes in the Great Plains that retained a nomadic lifestyle in contrast to those in the Southwest with fixed lifestyles.

Columbian Exchange

Period of rapid exchange of plants, animals, foods, and diseases between the Old World and New World.

Flow of Trade

Trade between the Old World (Africa, Asia, Europe) and New World, with significant items exchanged on both sides.

Colonization

A territory settled and controlled by a foreign power, initiated by Columbus' arrival in the Americas.

Spanish Colonial Power

The dominance of Spain in the Americas during the next century following Columbus' arrival.

Native American Resistance

The conflicts and wars that arose as Native Americans resisted European colonization and expansion.