DUODENUM – BLOOD SUPPLY, VEINS, AND NERVE SUPPLY

From which embryological regions does the duodenum develop?

The duodenum develops partially from the foregut and partially from the midgut.

What marks the junction between the foregut and the midgut in the duodenum?

The opening of the bile duct into the second part of the duodenum.

What is the relationship between the duodenum and the head of the pancreas regarding blood supply?

The duodenum and the head of the pancreas are in direct contact,

therefore the blood supply derives from the same source.

From which arteries does the duodenum receive its blood supply?

From the gastroduodenal artery

and the superior mesenteric artery.

Which arteries arise from the gastroduodenal artery for the duodenum?

Two superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries emerge from the gastroduodenal artery.

Which arteries branch off from the superior mesenteric artery for the duodenum?

Two inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries branch off the superior mesenteric artery.

How many pancreaticoduodenal arteries are there in total, and what do they form?

There are four vessels (two superior and two inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries),

which form two arches around the head of the pancreas.

What arises from the two arterial arches around the head of the pancreas?

Several branches for the duodenum

and pancreas arise from these two arches.

How is the first part of the duodenum supplied with blood?

The first part of the duodenum has a poor blood supply represented by the supraduodenal artery

and retroduodenal artery,

branches of the gastroduodenal artery.

Which additional arteries supply the superior part of the duodenum?

Few other branches from the right gastric artery

and from the right gastroepiploic artery are distributed to the superior part of the duodenum.

How does the venous drainage of the duodenum and pancreas relate to their arterial supply?

The venous drainage of the duodenum

and pancreas follows the same disposition as the arteries.

Where do the pancreaticoduodenal veins drain?

The pancreaticoduodenal veins drain superiorly to the vena porta

and inferiorly to the superior mesenteric vein.

What type of innervation does the duodenum receive?

The duodenum receives double sympathetic

and parasympathetic innervation.

From where do the sympathetic nerves of the duodenum derive?

The sympathetic nerves derive from the thoracic 9th and 10th spinal nerves.

From where do the parasympathetic nerves of the duodenum derive?

The parasympathetic nerves derive from the vagus nerve,

through the

coeliac plexus,

and reach the duodenum along its arteries.