Photosynthesis/cell transport

List the layers of the leaf

Cuticle

Upper epidermis

Chloroplast

Palisade mesophyll

Vein

Air space (spongy mesophyll)

Lower epidermis (guard cells, guard cells pulls stoma open)

Cuticle

Energy is in the form of

ATP

Which type of biomolecule is ATP

Nucleic acid

Three major components of ATP

Base a.k.a adenine (square), sugar a.k.a ribose (pentagon), 3 phosphates (circles)

main examples of cellular processes that involve ATP

1. Active transport

2. Muscles

3. cell signaling

4. movement

5. cell division

6. protein synthesis

In order for ATP to release energy what does it need to do

Break the bond (phosphate groups)

ADP+Phosphate+Energy

ATP (the equation)

When phosphate bond is broken an energy is released what does that form?

ADP

How do living organisms get usable energy in the form of ATP

sun energy converts to chemical energy (ATP)

Two cellular processes needed to make ATP

1. Photosynthesis

2. cellular respiration

In what organelle does photosynthesis occur?

Chloroplast

What type of organism photosynthesizes

autotroph

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Carbon dioxide, water and sunlight

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Glucose and oxygen

How does water enter a plant?

Through its roots

How does carbon dioxide enter a plant?

Through the stomata (pores)

Equation for photosynthesis:

why does photosynthesis matter?

makes glucose which is food (stored energy for later, makes ATP)

The process that makes ATP

cellular respiration

This is where light-dependent reaction occurs, contains pigment in chlorophyll, and is shaped like a pancake

Thylakoids

This is the liquid of the chloroplast, Light-independent reactions (reminds me of the cytoplasm of a cell)

stroma

what happens in light-dependent reactions

1. sunlight absorbed

2. water is split

3. releases oxygen and energy

What happens in light-independent reactions

1. Uses CO2 from air and energy from light-dependent reactions (because they produce energy)

2. Produces glucose

C02+ energy=glucose

Which cell contains the stoma?

Guard cells

Alternate name for cellular respiration

Aerobic respiration

Cellular respiration is how

all living things turn food into energy that can actually be used

Cellular respiration reactants

Glucose, oxygen

Cellular respiration products

Carbon dioxide (waste you breathe out), water(waste), and ATP

Cellular respiration equation (photosynthesis equation flipped)

Where does the process of cellular respiration start?

The cytoplasm of the cell

Where is the energy made in cellular respiration?

The mitochondria

In aerobic (with oxygen) how many ATP molecules are made?

36 (36-38)

In aerobic cellular respiration path where is it located?

The mitochondria

Waste in aerobic (produces)

co2 and water

In anaerobic (no oxygen) what is the energy level

2 ATP

Where is the location of anaerobic

cytoplasm ONLY

Anaerobic waste

lactic acid (muscles sore) or alcohol (yeast)

This happens when you sprint you run out of breath

Anaerobic

In the cycle, plants take in carbon and breathe out

oxygen

In the cycle, humans and animals take in oxygen and give out

C02

What is the energy conversion that occurs in both processes?

Light to glucose to ATP(energy)

This results in the production of a couple of ATP molecules + occurs in cytoplasm

Glycolysis

During the process of photosynthesis, energy from the sun is converted into

chemical energy in the bonds of organic chemicals

This equation represents a form of respiration carried on by some types of

Bacteria and yeast

Lack of oxygen and build up of waste in the muscles

Regulate the rate of gas exchange

Row 2

actively transport molecules in organism

A is LESS than B

chloroplasts (image question)

Producing glucose

F (cell wall)

The rate of photosynthesis is affected by variations in the light

In most plants the process of photosynthesis occurs most rapidly when the plants are exposed to equal intensities of

Blue and red light

oxygen

Mitochondria

ROW 2

arrow B, only

Carbon dioxide from a mitochondrion carrying out respiration

All organisms must continue to exchange gases

It is carbon dioxide released by respiration

The actions of cells X and Y help the plant to

Maintain homeostasis by controlling water loss

Regulating the flow of water vapor out of the leaves, preventing excess water loss by the plant

Oxygen

tubes 2, 3, and 4 only

which phrase best describes cellular respiration, a process that occurs continously in the cells of organisms?

Changing of stored chemical energy in food molecules to a form usable by organisms

semi-permeable

plasma membrane

Most cell membranes are primarily composed of

proteins and lipids

A decrease in water concentration outside the paramecium

which substances may pass through a cell membrane by simple diffusion

Carbon dioxide and water

what best represents the fluid mosaic model of a cell membrane?

condition 3

B

which process requires the expenditure of cellular energy

active transport

salt solution

diffusion

active transport

the diagram below that best represents the net movement of molecules on osmosis

The process of osmosis is best illustrated by the movement of

water into root cells

place a bag containing 30% salt solution into a beaker containing 10% salt solution

C

osmosis

The cell membrane is made up of a double layer of molecules called

phospholipids (has a charged phosphate head, a glycerol, and two fatty acids chains/tails)

Embedded in the cell membrane and help flow in and out of the cell

protein molecules

Strengthen and keep the cell membrane fluid

cholesterol molecules

Help to identify other cells; attached to cell membrane

carbohydrates

The process of taking large molecules into the cell by engulfing them in a membrane forming a vesicle

Endocytosis

The release of substance out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with a membrane

Exocytosis