Chemistry Formulae
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83 Terms
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Ammonium
NH₄⁺
2
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Hydrogen
H⁺
3
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Lithium
Li⁺
4
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Potassium
K⁺
5
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Rubidium
Rb⁺
6
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Silver
Ag⁺
7
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Sodium
Na⁺
8
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Caesium
Cs⁺
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Calcium
Ca²⁺
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Cobalt (II)
Co²⁺
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Copper (II)
Cu²⁺
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Iron (II)
Fe²⁺
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Lead (II)
Pb²⁺
14
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Magnesium
Mg²⁺
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Manganese (II)
Mn²⁺
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Nickel (II)
Ni²⁺
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Strontium
Sr²⁺
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Zinc
Zn²⁺
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Barium
Ba²⁺
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Aluminium
Al³⁺
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Chromium (III)
Cr³⁺
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Iron (III)
Fe³⁺
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Bromide
Br⁻
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Chloride
Cl⁻
25
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Cyanide
CN⁻
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Dihydrogenphosphate
H₂PO₄⁻
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Ethanoate (Acetate)
CH₃COO⁻
28
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Fluoride
F⁻
29
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Hydrogencarbonate
HCO₃⁻
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Hydrogensulfate
HSO₄⁻
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Hydroxide
OH⁻
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Iodide
I⁻
33
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Nitrate
NO₃⁻
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Nitrite
NO₂⁻
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Permanganate
MnO₄⁻
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Hydride
H⁻
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Carbonate
CO₃²⁻
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Chromate
CrO₄²⁻
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Dichromate
Cr₂O₇²⁻
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Hydrogenphosphate
HPO₄²⁻
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Oxalate
C₂O₄²⁻
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Oxide
O²⁻
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Sulfate
SO₄²⁻
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Sulfide
S²⁻
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Sulfite
SO₃²⁻
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Nitride
N³⁻
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Phosphate
PO₄³⁻
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Ammonia
NH₃
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Water
H₂O
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Hydrogen Peroxide
H₂O₂
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Ethanoic Acid (Acetic Acid)
CH₃COOH
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Hydrochloric Acid
HCl
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Nitric Acid
HNO₃
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Carbonic Acid
H₂CO₃
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Sulfuric Acid
H₂SO₄
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Sulfurous Acid
H₂SO₃
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Phosphoric Acid
H₃PO₄
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Acid + Metal
Salt + H2 gas
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Acid + Metal hydroxide
salt + water (neutralisation)
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Acid + Metal oxide
salt + water (neutralisation)
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Acid + Carbonate
Salt + Water + CO2 gas
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Acid + Hydrogencarbonate
Salt + Water + CO2
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Acid + Metal Sulfite
Salt + Water + SO2 gas
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Base + Ammonium Salt
Salt + Water + NH3 gas
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Base + Non-metal oxide
Salt + Water (Note: the anion in the salt is the non-metal oxide with an extra oxygen, eg: SO2 becomes SO32- )
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Metal (+ Heat)
Metal oxide
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Metal carbonate (+ Heat)
metal oxide + carbon dioxide (thermal decomposition)
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Metal hydrogen carbonate (+ heat)
metal carbonate + water + carbon dioxide
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Complete combustion
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O (excess oxygen supply)
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Incomplete combustion
2C2H6 + 5O2 → 4CO + 6H2O (limited oxygen supply)
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Incomplete combustion effects
Can lead to the formation of carbon or carbon monoxide.
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Glowing carbon particles in a flame
Turns the flame yellow, and black carbon is often visible in the smoke.
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Carbon monoxide
Produced as a colourless poisonous gas.
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Precipitation Reactions
Using solubility rules to determine precipitate formation.
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Spectator ions
Eliminate spectator ions to create an ionic reaction equation.
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Alkanes and Aromatics
Slow substitution reactions.
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Example of alkane reaction
CH4 + Br2 → CH3Br + HBr
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Alkenes
Fast addition reactions.
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Example of alkene reaction
C2H4 + Br2 → CH2BrCH2Br
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Hydration (add H2O)
Remember Markovnikoff's Rule.
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Hydration (add H2)
Addition reaction.
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Halogenation
Add F2, Cl2, I2, Br2.
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Hydrohalogenation
Add HCl, HBr, etc. Remember Markovnikoff's Rule.
Note 
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