nutrient cycling

how did coal and other rocks become

in the carboniferous period, wood didn’t decay

what did CO₂ originate from

volcanos, which lead to mass extinctions

what can break down lignin

white rot fungus

what can brown rot fungus digest

cellulose by working around lignin

what are consequences of high CO₂

warm earth, stop global conveyor belt, nutrients not distributed, ocean die, H₂S released and toxic to animals and plants

where is a lot of CO₂ stored

ocean as carbonate or bicarbonate ions

what mineral element is most limiting in primary production

nitrogen

why can nutrient pollution occur

fertilizer runoff blooms algae, uses all the nitrogen and dies, decomposed by aerobic bacteria and uses all the oxygen, organisms suffocate

how do you get acid rain

sulfur and water make nitric and sulfuric acids

how does eutrophication happen

soil erosion introduces phosphorus into lake