Social Policy

China's 1 child policy

• 1979 - couples with 1 child received extra benefits (e.g. free child healthcare & priority in education.)

• Those who didn't were penalised.

• Women faced pressure to be sterilised, after 1st child.

Communist Romania

1980s - communist gov. Policies to raise birth rates.

• Restricted contraception & abortion

• Set up infertility centres (paid by gov)

• Made unmarried & childless couples pay extra 5% income tax

Nazi family policy

• 1930s - encouraged those "racially pure" & healthy to breed "master race" - restricted their access to abortion & contraception.

• Forcefully sterilised 375K disabled people - disabled and other people (e.g. diff ethnicities) deemed unfit to breed.

Abortion legislation

Abortion Act 1967

Legalisation of gay marriages

2014 - had same rights as het. couples

2 laws supporting working women

• 1975 Sex Discrimination Act - illegal for employers to discriminate against them

• 1970 Equal Pay Act - illegal for employers to pay women less than men, if have same jobs

Contraceptive pill - year available for unmarried women and year available to all

• Unmarried - 1961

• All - 1967

Divorce law

1969 Divorce Reform Act - reduced its high cost and made it simpler

When was the welfare state introduced, why and by who?

• Post WW2 by Labour gov.

• Tackles "5 Giants" - healthcare, education, squalor, idleness & poverty

1997 - 2010 government

• Labour gov. in power

• Made team dedicated to fam. policy

• Invested in kids - appointed Children's Commissioner and set goals to get rid of child poverty

Child Tax Credit Introduction

By Labour, in 2003 for all families that pay income tax

3 positive impacts of Labour 1999 - 2011

• Kids in poverty decreased by 900K

• Child neglect & abuse fell

• Better child wellbeing

Coalition government

• 2010 - 2015 — Conservatives and Liberal Democrats

• Led by David Cameron (PM)

• Encouraged "family friendly" society

Breakdown Britain

Report (by N.R. Organisation) saying there was rise in diff. fam.structures that don't adequately socialise kids - will cause breakdown of Britain. Affected by Murray's underclass idea

Austerity policy - Coalition gov.

• Spending cuts/ tax increases, to increase gov. budgets

• Cut public spending - e.g. reduced benefits — neg. impacted family

Give 1 effect of the austerity measures

2013: UK child poverty rose by 1.6%

When was the Child Support Agency and Child Support Act introduced?

• Agency - 1993

• Act - 1991