Newell, Allen, and Herbert A. Simon

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9 Terms

1
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Information Processing System (IPS)
A framework proposing that both humans and computers manipulate symbols to solve problems.
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Problem Space Concept
A representation of all possible states and actions in problem-solving that both humans and machines navigate to reach solutions.
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General Problem Solver (GPS)
An early AI program developed to mimic human problem-solving by using heuristics.
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Means-Ends Analysis
A heuristic method used in GPS that identifies differences between the current situation and the goal, applying operators to reduce these differences.
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Simulation of Cognitive Processes
The act of programming systems like GPS to replicate human thought processes in solving problems.
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Empirical Validation
The process of comparing the behavior of the GPS to human subjects to affirm the effectiveness of the simulation.
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Implications for Psychology
The suggestion that human thought can be understood through computational models, linking psychology and computer science.
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Limitations Acknowledged
Recognition that the GPS could effectively solve well-defined problems but struggled with ill-defined problems requiring more extensive knowledge.
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Foundation for AI Research
The basis provided for future advancements in artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology through computer simulations.