Newell, Allen, and Herbert A. Simon

Information Processing System (IPS)

A framework proposing that both humans and computers manipulate symbols to solve problems.

Problem Space Concept

A representation of all possible states and actions in problem-solving that both humans and machines navigate to reach solutions.

General Problem Solver (GPS)

An early AI program developed to mimic human problem-solving by using heuristics.

Means-Ends Analysis

A heuristic method used in GPS that identifies differences between the current situation and the goal, applying operators to reduce these differences.

Simulation of Cognitive Processes

The act of programming systems like GPS to replicate human thought processes in solving problems.

Empirical Validation

The process of comparing the behavior of the GPS to human subjects to affirm the effectiveness of the simulation.

Implications for Psychology

The suggestion that human thought can be understood through computational models, linking psychology and computer science.

Limitations Acknowledged

Recognition that the GPS could effectively solve well-defined problems but struggled with ill-defined problems requiring more extensive knowledge.

Foundation for AI Research

The basis provided for future advancements in artificial intelligence and cognitive psychology through computer simulations.