Pests Control (Writing)

Blood-sucking insects can …… a number of diseases.

spread

Repellent intercrop ….. from the insect pests.

host plants

Trap crops were used to attract insect pests and therefore they…. from the …..

prevent insect pests / main crops

…. insects can be produced and can compete for mates but do not contribute to future generations.

Sterile male

Some of the parasitic bacterium Wolbachia can be used to reduce …..

pathogen transmission

Integrated Pest Management (IPM), an ecosystem-based strategy, focuses on long-term prevention of pests by using ….

a combination such as cultural controls, insect enemies, biocontrol, and biopesticides

Essential oils are complex mixtures, constituted by ….

volatile organic compounds (mostly terpenes and terpenoids)

….. is most widely used treatment method for the control of….. in warehouses that stores rice, cocoa beans, grains, flour and other commodities.

Fumigation / stored-product pests

….. feed on green plants. They include species that attack roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits, either as larvae or as adults or in both stages.

Phytophagous insects

When Wolbachia have been introduced into …., the bacterium causes …..

host cells / cytoplasmic incompatibility

Polyculture pays attention to:

Supportive interactions between plant species and with other organisms

Beneficial microorganisms in the soil environment

Organic material from plants and animals

To deal with the development of pest resistance and the increase of disease incidence, we should have sustainable ............................... systems.

Resistant cultivars + Sanitation and Crop rotation

n insect control, banker plants are plants that are used as a source of ..............

Foods for natural enemies

Disadvantages of the substances similar to IGR (insect growth regular) that disrupt the insect life cycle, are ...................................................................................

Having a slower effect on insects than conventional chemicals

expensive

non sense when the larval stage is the harmful stage

Benefits of using indicator plants are ..................................................................

attract harmful insects to treat

conserve natural enemy and pollinator species

reduce the use of chemical pesticides thereby reducing costs

Benefits of using trap crops are ............................................................................................

attract harmful insects to treat

conserve natural enemy and pollinator species

reduce the use of chemical pesticides thereby reducing costs

Natural enemies of insect pests are __________ .

Natural enemies/insect pollinators/Dung beetles/ sterilized male insects, Wolbachia-infected insects.

The substance used for molting in insect is __________ .

ecdysone

An insect growth regulator (IGR) is a substance (chemical) that __________ the life cycle of insect.

inhibits

In insect control, insect growth regulators include __________ .

juvenoids (juvenile hormone mimics)/ecdysteroids (moulting inhibitors/phytoecdysteroids)/chitin inhibitors/

Defoliants, Haulm killers are Chemicals for killing off potato plant tops to facilitate __________

Harvest

Spinosad is a natural substance made by a soil bacterium that can be toxic to insects. Spinosad was isolated from __________ .

Actinomycetes, Streptomyces avermitilis, Saccharopolyspora spinosa

__________ inhibitors inhibit synthesis of hard exoskeleton of the insect's body.

Chitin

__________ is a polymer of __________ and quite resistant to many chemicals.

Chitin / acetylglucosamine

__________ is found in the main hemolymph sugar in most insects and also found in bacteria, fungi, yeast, and plants.

trehalose