Kidneys and Ureters

KIDNEYS

Bean shape, Concave medical aspect

Located in both sides of the spine at the level of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae

Renal parenchyma

Inner medulla, Outer cortex, hypoechoic

Hilum of kidney

central echo convex

Hilum

attachment to organ

Calyces

Infundibulum

Renal artery

Renal vein

Renal nerve

COMPONENTS OF RENAL SINUS

Length = 9-14 cm

Width = 5-7cm

AP = 3-4 cm

ADULT SIZE OF KIDNEYS

Gerota’s capsule

COVERING OF KIDNEY

None

PX PREPARATION (KIDNEY)

3.5 MHz or Curved/Convex

PROBE USED

RENAL AGENESIS

Absent

DUPLEX KIDNEY

Double collecting system

ECTOPIC KIDNEY

Abnormal location, Most common in pelvic cavity

HORSESHOE KIDNEY

Fusion anomaly, Most common congenital anomaly

NEPHRITIS

inflammation, Pyelo, Glomerulo

Glomerulonephritis

inflammation of glomerulus

Pyelonephritis

inflammation of pelvis

HYDRONEPHOROSIS

Enlarged size ang kidney and grabe ang habok sa inyo pelvis kag calyces

Pelvocaliectasia

Dilated calyces

Pelvoureterocaliectasia

dilated ureter which is more then 8mm

CYST - Polycystic kidney

Simple/complex

Exophytic

cyst beyond border of kidney

Angiomyolipoma

hyperechoic tumor in kidney; a tumor that arises from blood vessel, muscles and fats

STONES

Nephrolithiasis, Urolithiasis, Renal calculus/calculi

RENAL PARENCHYMAL DISEASE

diffuse inrcrease in parenchymal echogenicity

Perinephric Abscess

dirty shadowing that surrounds kidney

NEPHROCALCINOSIS

Hyperechoic parenchyma by layers, Common sa medullary portion

URETER

In both sides of spine

Ureteroectasia

dilated ureter

Presence of stones

Stenosis

Stricture

Tumor

CAUSES OF ERETEROECTRASIA