DEN 111 Test 3 (Hepatitis Study Material)

Does infection with HAV result in lifelong protection against subsequent infections?

yes

Is HAV an occupational hazard for dental workers?

no

What is the most common chronic bloodborne infection?

Hepatitis C

Who pays for the dental health care workers HBV vaccine?

the employer

If an employee declines the HBV vaccine what should occur?

the employer should have the worker sign a form stating they chose to decline the vaccine

Hep B (3 rule)

30%

Hep C (3 rule)

3%

HIV (3 rule)

.3%

What is a non-A, non-B?

hepatitis C

Is there a vaccine for HCV?

no

What are the two main drugs used for the treatment of HCV?

• epclus

• mavyret

Which form of hepatitis is the least common in the U.S.?

HAV

What is known as the piggy-back hepatitis virus?

hep D (you must have hep B in order to get hep D)

Good hygiene and proper sanitation can help prevent what form of hepatitis?

hep A

HAV Incubation Period

Average: 28 days

Range: 15-45 days

HBV Incubation Period

• average: 75 days

• range: 45-160 days

HCV Incubation Period

15-150 days

HDV Incubation Period

30-60 days

HEV Incubation Period

15-60 days

HAV MOT

• bowels

• fecal to oral route

HBV MOT

bodily fluids

• semen

• saliva

• blood

HCV MOT

infected blood or semen

HDV MOT

blood

HEV MOT

fecal to oral route

Which forms of hepatitis have vaccines?

• Hep A

• Hep B

Which forms of hepatitis don’t have vaccines?

• Hep C

• Hep D

• Hep E

Vowels (Hep A and E)

fecal to oral route

Consonants (Hep B, C, and D)

bloodborne strains

Which types of hepatitis are found in feces?

• Hep A

• Hep E

What population has the highest incidence of Hep A?

children

How long does HAV survive outside the body?

for months

How can HAV be killed?

heating to 185 degrees F for one minute

Is HAV acute or chronic?

acute

Is HBV acute or chronic?

acute and chronic

Is HCV acute or chronic?

chronic

Is HDV acute or chronic?

chronic

Is HEV acute or chronic?

chronic

Why can HBV be transmitted fairly easily?

• released in high numbers into the bloodstream

• 1 millimeter of blood can contain 100 million virus particles

What is the only sexually transmitted infection that has a protective vaccine?

HBV

What is the general cause of a severe allergic reaction to HBV vaccine?

an allergy to yeast

HBsAG+

• on surface

• infectious (potential to spread the disease)

• used in the HBV vaccine

Infants/Children born to HBV infected mothers should be given what within 12 hours of birth and why?

• Hep. B immune globulin

• first dose of Hep. B vaccine

• helps prevent development of HBV infection

Know how chronic infection with HBV is related to time of exposure (age)

the younger the person is when exposed to HBV the more likely the person will become a chronic carrier

How often is a booster recommended for the HBV vaccine?

not recommended

How long can HBV live outside?

• 7+ days on a dry surface

• still capable of causing infection

What is the greatest influence on becoming a chronic HBV carrier?

age at exposure to HBV

Liver Functions

• part of digestive system by producing bile

• metabolism

• helps maintain proper composition of blood by regulating amounts of fat, protein, and sugar that enter the bloodstream

Liver is the largest what?

largest gland in the body and acts as the body’s filter

What is the relationship between drinking alcohol and being an HCV or HBV carrier?

drinking alcohol can make your liver disease worse

What does Cure for HCV mean?

Hep C virus isn’t detected in blood when measured three months after treatment is completed

HBeAG

• replication is occurring at highest

• highly infectious

• all patients with acute Hep. B are positive

What is the most alarming fact about HCV as it relates to the carrier state?

• silent epidemic

• most infected don’t show symptoms until years later while the virus causes progressive liver damage

Carrier state for HBV

when person has a long-term HBV infection but has no symptoms

Cirrhosis of the liver

condition where the liver is permanently damaged and scarred which prevents it from working properly

What is the leading indication for a liver transplant?

Hepatitis C

(more recently ALD/alcoholic liver disease)

What is the MAIN reason there has been a decline in the number of new HBV infections in the U.S.?

vaccination

The greatest number of HCV cases reported area result of?

IV/injection drug use