Organic Chemistry Exam 1

what does organic chemistry study

carbon and hydrocarbon compounds

why is organic chemistry useful

synthetic dyes, drugs, and chemical warfare

rejected theory which postulates that biological processes are distinct from nonliving processes (living different from nonliving)

vitalism

covalent bond is

electrons shared

internuclear distance is

distance between atoms

valency: list name and what element does it

4 bonds:

3 bonds:

2 bonds:

1 bond:

tetravalent (carbon) / trivalent (nitrogen) / divalent (oxygen) / monovalent (hydrogen and halogens)

what is the rule for bonds of 2nd row elements (C, N, O, F)

never more than 4 bonds!

what is the rule for bonds of hydrogen

never more than one bond

constitutional isomers have

same formula but different connectivity (have to break bonds and stick somewhere else)