chemistry- chapter 14 and 15

arrhenius theory

ACID that releases hydrogen ions (H+) and the BASE releases hydroxide (OH-)

bronsted lowry theory

ACID donates a proton and BASE accepts a proton

lewis theory

ACID accepts an electron pair and BASE donates an electron pair

what are the characteristics that acid and bases have in common

react with each other to form salt and water, changes the color of an indicator and is an electrolyte

what is unique to an acid

sour taste and reacts with metal to produce hydrogen gas

what is unique to a base

bitter taste and slippery/slimy feel

how do you name a binary acid

hydro-nonmetal-ic

how do you name a ternary acid that has 1 more oxygen

per-nonmetal-ic

how do you name a ternary acid that has a poly atomic ion that ends in “ate”

nonmetal-ic

how do you name a ternary acid that has 1 less oxygen

nonmetal-ous

how do you name a ternary acid that has 2 less oxygen

hypo-nonmetal-ous

how do you name a base that ends in OH

metal-hydroxide

what is the name of Ca(OH)2

calcium hydroxide

what is a strong acid

an acid that ionizes completely in water

what are the three strong binary acids

HCl, HBr, and HI

how do you know if ternary acids are strong

if the number of oxygen minus the number of hydrogen is 2 or greater

how do you know is a base is strong

if it is in group 1A and 2A on the periodic table

conjugate acid

the base after it accepts a hydrogen ion

conjugate base

the acid after it donates a hydrogen ion

what is the equaition for Kw

(H3O+) x (OH-)= 1 x 10^ (-14)

on the Ph scale what is an acid

0-7

on the Ph scale what is a base

8-14

what is Ph

\-log(H3O+)

what is the difference between titration and neutralization problems

in titration you get an answer after the mole to mole comparison before continuing but in neutralization you continue the problem without an answer

what are you solving for in titration problems

molarity (M)

what are you solving for in neutralization problems

volume (mL)

what is an electrolyte

it conducts a current

what is the hydrogen ion

H+

what is the hydronium ion

H3O+

what is the hydroxide ion

OH-

what is a monoprotic acid

1 hydrogen

what is a diprotic acid

2 hydrogens

what is a triprotic acid

3 hydrogens

how do you know what the acid is in an equation

the compound that donates a hydrogen ion

how do you know what the base is in an equation

the compound that accepts a hydrogen ion

what is the meaning of amphoteric

something that can be an acid or a base

what is an example of amphoteric

water

definition of salt

the positive metal cation from a base and a negative anion from an acid

what is an indicator

something that changes color to indicate that the Ph has changed

what is a standard solution

a solution where the concentration is known

end point

when the solution has equal amounts so it makes it neutral and one drop of either concentrate will change the color of an indicator

what is titration

the process of neutralizing a solution by adding base or acid or vice versa until they have completely reacted with eachother then use your measurements to find the concentration of the unknown

hydrochloric acid

HCl

acetic acid

CH3COOH

carbonic acid

H2CO3

phosphoric acid

H3PO4

Sulfuric acid

H2SO4

nitric acid

HNO3

are strawberries mostly basic or acidic and what range of Ph are they

acidic (1-6)

if the name of something is HXO where X represents a nonmetal, is it a base or an acid

acid

if a solution consists of more hydroxide than hydronium what is it called

a base