Plato Augustine

Raphael

The Artist of The School of Athens

Dualist

• soul believers

• Plato - Augustine

• Aristotle - Aquinas

Physicalists

• no soul

proto scientists (pre socratic)

started with small stuff scientifically, by then turns philosophical                

sophists

• also coming from philosophical tradition

• classic ancient tutor

• power of rhetoric

• charge for tutoring

socrates

• sentenced to death bc of his myopic teachings (?)

• life of socrates has effect on plato’s way of

Plato 

• thinks that knowledge is innate

  • first activity of the human soul

  • mind is not a blank slate

  • pregnancy of thoughts

• human beings have already encountered the Forms prior to their earthly existence

• Anamnesis - knowledge in the earthly life is realized by reminiscence

Peripeteia

• reversal of fortune or change in circumstances

• A turn right about

NEO-PLATONIC INFLUENCE

MAN IS A COMPOSITE OF BODY AND SOUL.  

Soul (Neo-Platonic tradition)

• The One (God) → Intellect → Soul

• Intellect is paradigmatically what Soul 

• Since the human soul ultimately comes from Intellect (and therefore from the One), humans have a close connection to the divine.

• In this sense, humans are “more like God” than other things in the universe.

Augustine’s Ontology

• God as the ultimate source and point of origin for all that comes below

• God is the unchanging point that unifies all beings

• Man is the apex of creation, created with BODY and SOUL 

Tripartite Human Being 

• Concupiscent (bodily)

• Will (spirited) - The Heart

• Reason

Freedom

act of choosing

Types of Evil

• ontological

• physical

• moral

ontological evil

how created beings are imperfect by default

physical evil

caused by forces of nature

moral evil

caused by a faulty will / abuse of will