chem h unit 7 and 8

relative atomic mass

mass of atom compared to mass of carbon 12

how to find RAM

mass x percentage, add them together

percent composition by mass

#of atoms x RAM of atom / RMM of entire molecule = % composition

Mole

RAM RMM of a substance measured out in grams

how many particles in each mole

6.02×10²³

Molar Mass

RAM or RMM in grams per mole

molarity

moles of solute / volume of solution (L)

dilution rule

M1 x V1 = M2 x V2

STP

0º celsius, 1 atm

Volume of one mole of any gas at STP

22.4 L

what does density of a gas depend on

it depends on the molar mass of the gas molecules

density conversion factor

g/L

average molar mass of N and O

29g/mol

rate of effusion (grahams law) equation

RoE of gas A / RoE of gas B = √MMB / MMA

Gas constant if P is ATM

0.0821 (L x atm / mol x k)

Gas constant if P is mmHg

62.4 (L x mmHg/mol x K)

% yield equation

experimental / theoretical x 100

excess reactant

inital - used = excess

Precipitation

2 aq ionic substances makes at least one insoluble product.

single replacement metallic

metal reacts with ionic compound. metals switch places

single replacement non-metallic

non-metallic element reacts with ionic compound. non-metals switch

combustion

substance burns in oxygen to form oxides

Hydrocarbon combustion

substance made of C and H burns to form water and CO2

decomposition

substance breaks apart into simpler substances

synthesis

simple substances combined to make complex substance