CPSC 333 Ch 5

What acts as a road map that guides the OS to data stored on the disk?

File system

What does CMOS stand for?

Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

Where does a computer store system configuration and date and time information?

CMOS

What does BIOS stand for?

Basic Input/Output System

What is the name for the programs that perform input and output at the hardware level?

BIOS

What is the process that is contained in ROM that tells the computer how to proceed during start up?

Bootstrap

What does the bootstrap process display during startup?

The key or keys you press to open the CMOS setup screen

What are disk drives made up of?

One or more platters coated with magnetic material

What are the five components of disk drive geometry?

Geometry, head, tracks, cylinders, and sectors

What is the internal firewall feature in solid-state drives that ensure even wear of read/writes for all memory cells?

Wear-leveling

Why must you make a full forensic copy asap with solid-state drives?

In case you need to recover data from unallocated disk space

What is a storage allocation unit made up of one or more sectors, ranging from 512 to 32,000 bytes each

Clusters

Why are sectors combined into clusters in Microsoft file structures?

To minimize overhead writing or reading files to a disk

Where to cluster numbers start in NTFS vs FAT?

Clusters start at 0, and FAT clusters start at 2

What are the cluster numbers assigned by the OS to identify locations on a disk?

Logical addresses

What are the actual sector numbers on a disk?

physical addresses

What is a defined section of a physical disk treated as a seperate storage unit?

Partition

How many primary partitions can a Windows OS have?

Three

What is unused space between partitions on a disk?

Partition gap

What are hidden partitions or voids?

Large unused gaps between partitions on a disk that can conceal data

Where is the partition table located?

Master Boot Record (MBR)

True or false: Master Boot Record is located in sector 1 of the disk drive

False (0)

What is a file structure database that Microsoft originally designed for floppy disks?

File Allocation Table (FAT)

What are the three current versions of FAT?

FAT16, FAT32, and exFAT

What do cluster sizes vary according to in a FAT file system?

hard disk size and file system

What is the unused space in a cluster between the end of an active file’s contents and the end of the cluster?

Drive slack

What are the two types of drive slack?

RAM slack and file slack

What was the unintentional side effect of FAT16 allowing large clusters

It reduced fragmentation as increased cluster size

What happens when you run out of room in its allocated cluster?

OS allocates another cluster for your file

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