The Eyes and Ears

opt/i, opt/o, optic/o, opthalm/o

eyes

ir/i, ir/o, irid/o, irit/o

iris

phac/o, phak/o

lens

retin/o

retina

dacryocyst/o

lacrimal apparatus

lacrim/o

lacrimal apparatus

acous/o, acoust/o, audi/o, audit/o, ot/o

ears

pinn/i

outer ear

myring/o

middle ear

tympan/o

middle ear

labyrinth/o

inner ear

blephar/o

eyelid

-cusis

hearing

kerat/o

horny, hard, cornea

-opia

vision condition

presby/o

old age

scler/o

sclera, white of eye, hard

trop/o

turn, change

amblyopia

a dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye

ametropia

any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina

anisocoria

a condition in which the pupils are unequal in size

astigmatism

a condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatues of the cornea

audiometry

the use of an audiometer to measure hearing acuity

cataract

the loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loss of visual clarity

chalazion

a nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction of a sebaceous gland

cochlear implant

an electronic device that bypasses the damaged portions of the ear and directly stimulates the auditory nerve

conjunctivitis

also known as pinkeye, is an inflammation of the confunctiva that is usually caused by a viral infection, allergy, or irritants

dacryodenitis

an inflammation of the lacrimal gland caused by a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection

diplopia

also known as double vision, is the perception of two images of a single object

ectropion

the eversion of the edge of an eyelid

emmetropia

the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina

entropion

the inversion of the edge of an eyelid

esotropia (ET)

also known as cross-eyes, is strabismus characterized by an inward deviation of one or both eyes

exotropia

also known as walleye, is strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other

fluorescin angiography (FA)

is a photographic study of the blood vessels in the back of the eye following the intravenous injection of a fluorescin dye as a contrast medium

glaucoma

a group of diseases characterized by increased introcular pressure that causes damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve

hemianopia

blindness in one-half of the visual field

hordeolum

also known as a stye, is a pus-filled and often painful lesion of the eyelid resulting from an infection in a sebaceous gland

hyperopia

also known as farsightedness, is a defect in which light rays focus beyond the retina

infectious myringitis

a contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum

iritis

most common form of uveitis

keratitis

an inflammation of the cornea

labyrinthectomy

the surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth

laser iridotomy

uses a focused beam of light to create a hole in the iris of the eye

laser trabeculoplasty

is used to treat open-angle glaucoma by creating openings in the trabecular meshwork to allow the fluid to drain properly

mastoidectomy

the surgical removal of part of the mastoid process

mydriasis

the dilation of the pupil

myopia

also known as nearsightedness, is a defect in which light rays focus in front of the retina

myringotomy

a small surgical incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure from excess pus or fluid or to create an opening for the placement of ear tubes

nyctalopia

also known as nightblindness, is a condition in which an invdividual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night

nystagmus

an involuntary, constant, rythmic movement of the eyeball that can be congenital or caused by a neurological injury or drug use

opthalmoscopy

also known as a fundoscopy, is the use of an opthalmoscope to visually examine the fundus of the eye

optometrist

holds a doctor of optometry degree and provides primary eye care services, including vision testing, diagnosis, and treatment of eye diseases

oritis media

an inflammation of the middle ear

otomycosis

a fungal infection of the external auditory canal

otopyorrhea

the flow of pus from the ear

otorrhea

any discharge from the ear

otosclerosis

the anklyosis of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in a conductive hearing loss

papilledema

also known as a choked disk, is swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk

periorbital edema

swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye/s

photophobia

means excessive sensitivity to light and can be the result of migraines, excessive wearing of contact lenses, drug use, or inflammation

pneumatic retinopexy

a surgery in which a gas bubble is injected into the vitreous cavity to put pressure on the detached area in a retinal detachment while it heals

presbycusis

a gradual loss of senorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages

presbyopia

the condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging

ptosis

the drooping of the upper eyelid that is usually due to muscle weakness or paralysis

radial keratotomy (RK)

is a surgical procedure to treat myopia

scleritis

an inflammation of the sclera

sensorineural hearing loss

also known as nerve deafness, develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells in the inner ear are damaged

stapedectomy

the surgical removal of the stapes bone and the insertion of a small prosthetic device to conduct sound vibrations to the inner ear

strabismus

a disorder in which the eyes point in different directions or are not aligned correctly, because the eye muscles are unable to focus together

tarsorrhaphy

the partial or complete suturing together of the upper and lower eyelids to protect the eye when the lids are paralyzed and unable to close normally, or to help corneal lesions heal

tinnitus

a condition of ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears

tonometry

the measurement of intraocular pressure

tympanometry

the use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear

vertigo

a sense of whirling, dizziness, and loss of balance that is often combined with nausea and vomiting

vitrectomy

the removal of the vitreous humor and its replacement with a saline solution

xerophthalmia

also known as dry eye, is drying of eye surfaces, including the conjunctiva, because the tear glands do not produce enough tears

oculus dexter

right eye

oculus sinister

left eye

each eye

oculus uterque

both eyes

oculi uterque

adnexa

the accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ

adnexa oculi

are the structures outside the eyeball: the orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, and lacrimal apparatus

orbit

also known as the eye socket, is the bony cavity of the skull that contains and protects the eyeball and its associated muscles, blood vessels, and nerves

eye muscles

there are six of these and include the superior and inferior oblique muscles, the superior and inferior rectus muscles, and the laterl and medial rectal muscles

oblique

describes an angle that is slanted but is not perpendicular or parallel

rectus

means straight

binocular vision

occurs when the muscles of both eyes work together in coordination to make normal depth perception possible

depth perception

the ability to see things in three demensions

canthus

is the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet

canth

means corner of the eye

cilia

are small hairs that make up the eyebrows and eyelashes; also present in the nose

tarsus

also known as the tarsal plate, is the framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provide the necessary stiffness and shape

conjunctiva

is the transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball

lacrimal apparatus

also known as the tear apparatus, consists of the structures that produce, store, and remove tears

lacrimation

is the secretaion of tears

lacrimal glands

are located on the underside of the upper eyelid just above the outer corner of each eye, and secrete lacrimal fluid

lacrimal fluid

commonly knowns as tears, is to maintain moisture on the anterior surface of the eyeball; blinking distributes the lacrimal fluid across the eye

lacrimal canal

consists of a duct at the inner corner of each eye; they collect tears and empty them into the lacrimal sacs

lacrimal sac

also known as the tear sac, is an anlargement of the upper portion of the lacrimal duct