Male Reproductive System

where do the urethra and ejaculatory duct meet up

verumontanum

seminal vesicles are ___ and ____ to the prostate (location)

superior, posterior

seminal vesicles are ____ to the prostate (echogenicity)

hypoechoic

in the __ month the testicles descend to the level of the bladder

fourth

in the ___ month the testicles descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum

seventh

what muscle surrounds each testicle and extends into the abdomen over the spermatic cord

cremaster muscle

what 2 structures are contained in the scrotum

testes and epididymis

what divides the scrotum externally into lateral portions

median raphe

what divides the scrotum internally into 2 sacs

tunica dartos

what lines the scrotum

tunica vaginalis parietal

what surrounds the testicle and epididymis

tunica vaginalis visceral

what is deeper to the visceral layer and surrounds the testicle

tunica albuginea

what is the portion where the testicle is against the scrotal wall with no tunica vaginalis called

bare area

what is the purpose of the bare area where the testicle is against the scrotal wall

prevent torsion

where do hydroceles form

between the layers of the tunica vaginalis

when the tunica vaginalis completely surrounds the testis, the testis is only attached to the spermatic cord freely suspended in the scrotal sac

bell clapper deformity

sonography of the testicles

smooth, homogenous, medium grey echoes with fine echotexture

what 2 things do the testicles produce

hormones and sperm

average length measurment of testicles

3-5 cm

average width measurment of testicles

2-4 cm

average height measurement of testicles

3 cm

what reflects into the testis to form the mediastinum testis

tunica albuginea

where is sperm formed

semineferous tubules

the seminiferous tubulles converge and form ____

rete testes

the rete testes empty into the ______

efferent ducts

the efferent ducts empty into the ______

epididymis

small protuberance from the head of the epididymis

appendix testis

appendix testis is also refered to as a _________

scrotal pearl

average length measurment of the epididymis

6-7 cm

sonography of the epididymis

isoechoic or hypoechoic to testicle with coarser echogenicity

the epididymis is composed of a convoluted tubule called the _____

ductus epididymis

the ductus epididymis becomes the ____

vas deferens

the vas deferens continue into the ____

spermatic cord

the vas deferens ___ at the terminal portion near the seminal vesicles

dilates

extends from scrotum through the inguinal canal

spermatic cord

what 5 things are located in the spermatic cord

vas deferens, testicular arteries, lymphatics, nerves, venous pampiniform plexus

story of sperm

1. produced in the seminiferous tubules (in testes)

2. epididymis

3. vas deferens (seminal vesicles)

4. ejaculatory duct

5. urethra (prostate gland and cowpers gland)

6. penis (then leaves the body)

blood supply

abdominal aorta > testicular arteries > capsular arteries > centripetal arteries > recurrent rami (centrifugal arteries)

where does the right testicular vein drain into?

IVC

where does the left testicular vein drain into?

left renal vein

varicoceles are more common on the ___ side

left

cryptorchidism

undescended testicle

absence of testicle

anorchia

polyorchidism

multiple testicles

average size of prostate (lxwxh)

4×3×4 cm

the prostate is ___ to the bladder

posterior

the prostate is ___ to the seminal vesicles

inferior

what does the prostate secrete

alkaline fluid that acts as a way to transport sperm

the apex of the prostate is the ____ margin

inferior

the base of the prostate is _____

superior

largest zone, lateral & posterior to distal prostatic urethra 70% of glandular tissue

peripheral zone

20% of prostate borders the seminal vesicles. Vas deferens, seminal vesicle ducts and ejaculatory ducts pass through this zone

central zone

small area located on the lateral sides of the proximal prostatic urethra superior to the verumontanum

transition zone

tissue lines the proximal urethra

perriurethral glandular zone

Serum Prostatic Specific Antigen

evaluates function of prostate

normal value of PSA

<4

increase of PSA ____ in one year is suggestive of malignancy

>20%

a thick fibrous envelope and loosely applied covering of skin superficial to tunica albunginea

bucks fascia

3 cylindrical masses in penis

2 corpora cavernosa (lateral) and 1 corpus spongiosum (ventral)

what supplies the penis and urethra with blood

pudendal arteries off of the internal iliac arteries

corpus songiosum sonogrpaphy

midline, homogenous with mid level echhoes

corpora cavernosa sonography

homogenous with midlevel echoes covered by echogenic tunica albuginea