Sport in America: Historical Perspective Unit Test 1

What was the definition of a “sporting man” during the early 1800s?

• A person who wasn’t accepted by society

Who was Warren Goldstein and why was he a significant to the history of sport?

• Warren Goldstein wrote a dissertation (book) on baseball at Yale, a turning point for the academic subject of sport

List Four games that were played by Native Americans

• Lacrosse

• Running

• Horse Racing

• Archery

What was the first American college to include sports as a degree program?

• Harvard

Name three “blood sports” and why they were controversial.

• Boxing, Dog Fights, Bear Baiting, and cock fights / Controversial wasn’t considered ethical

Be familiar with the John Sullivan vs. Tommy McCoy fight and why it was significant.

• McCoy was undersized and went 119 rounds. McCoy died by drowning in his own blood.

What were the Marquess Queensberry's rules for boxing and why were they significant?

• Time limit on rounds, padded gloves, couldn’t eye gouge, nothing below the waist, a certain number of rounds

Who was Richard Kyle Fox and what was his contribution to the history of sport?

• Richard Kyle Fox arranged fights, one of the main Boxing Publishers in history

What was the idea of “muscular Christianity” in sport history?

• It was about being fit and tough, being a bit was a part of the culture

What is the historical significance of the AAU?

• AAU was formed to create common standards in amateur sports

Know the story of Jim Thorpe – when he played sports and what happened

• Jim Thorpe is considered to be America's greatest Athletes, he played professional baseball, football, and was an Olympic athlete.

Who was Pop Warner and how was he connected to Jim Thorpe?

•  Pop Warner was a famous football coach for Carsile and coached Jim Thorpe

Who was the founder of basketball?

• James Neighsmith

What were several early rules of baseball which are no longer part of the game?

• First to 21 runs, no gloves, you can hit the runner with the ball

How has pitching changed in the game of baseball?

• The overhand pitch

Who was Alexander Cartwright and why was he significant to the game of baseball?

• Founding member of the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, he developed rules such as 90 feet between bases, and stopped the ball from being thrown at players (out)

What was the NABBP and when was it established?

• National Association of Base Ball Players was established in 1857

Name the first professional major league baseball team.

• The Cincinnati Reds

What innovations and rule changes did Henry Chadwick bring to the game of baseball?

• Chadwick brought statistical analysis with the invention of the scorecard; he introduced fly catches (outs), and had a strong emphasis on clean play. Chadwick is also considered the “father of baseball.”

The first major league was established by William Hulbert in 1876 in which eight cities?

• New York, Boston, Cincinnati, St.Louis, Louisville, Chicago, Hartford, Philly

What were the rules for being a major league teams established by William Hulbert?

• 75,000 population, players could not switch teams during the season, no games on Sundays, no city could have more than 1 team

When did the overhand pitch officially become part of major league baseball?

• 1884

What region of the country did collegiate football first become popular?

• The Northeastern region

Who was Walter Camp and why was he significant?

• “Father of American Football” came up with the adaptation of “time and motion management

What was the “flying wedge” formation and how did it define football in the early days? 

• A formation used by Harvard, basically mass motion

Who was the first American president to call a conference of sports at the White House?

• Teddy Roosevelt

Who was the president of University of Chicago and why was football important to him?

• William Harper thought football was an important tool to promote the new university, allowing the school to build a strong school spirit

What was the “time and motion” theory of football developed by Walter Camp?

• The “time and motion” theory essentially replaced the rugby scrum with a structured format of downs and distance

Which Ivy League president attempted to abolish football as a collegiate sport?

• Charles Elliot of Harvard

What was the historical significance of the Carlisle vs. Army football game?

• The Native Americans' ancestors were killed by the army 22 years before the game (motivation). The strategy they used was trick plays and a forward pass / Score 27-3

The game of football was dramatically affected by some rule changes in 1905 list those changes.

• Teddy Roosevelt, the changes were more of an open style of play, the forward pass was encouraged, the first down marker was extended to 10 yards, etc.

Who was the most famous boxer in the 1800s?

• John Sullivan

Which colonies were opposed to pugilistic sports like bear-baiting?

• The northern colonies (New England and Up)  were opposed to sports like bear-baiting