vascualr chat gpt

The primary cause of PAD is:

Atherosclerosis

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for PAD?

Low sodium diet

Atherosclerosis leads to PAD by:

Building plaques that narrow arterial walls

Common arteries affected in PAD include all EXCEPT:

Radial

Which artery supplies the lower leg and is often affected by PAD?

Tibial

The hallmark symptom of PAD is:

Intermittent claudication

Intermittent claudication is best described as:

Ischemic muscle pain with exercise, relieved by rest

Paresthesia in PAD typically causes:

Numbness and tingling in toes/feet

Which finding suggests advanced PAD?

Shiny, taut skin and hair loss

Rest pain in PAD occurs because:

Oxygen supply is inadequate at rest

Which condition is considered the most severe form of PAD?

Critical limb ischemia

Critical Limb Ischemia is characterized by:

Rest pain >2 weeks, ulcers, or gangrene

The Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) compares:

Arm vs. leg blood pressures

Which diagnostic tool provides detailed images of blood vessels?

Angiography/MRA

Duplex imaging is used to:

Visualize blood flow and vessel structure

First-line drug therapy for PAD usually involves:

Antiplatelet agents

Cilostazol helps PAD patients by:

Improving blood flow and reducing claudication

Risk factor modification for PAD includes:

Tobacco cessation

Target HbA1c for diabetics with PAD is:

<7%

Blood pressure control goal for PAD patients is:

<140/90 mmHg

A key assessment finding in PAD is:

Absent or diminished pulses

Planning for PAD includes goals such as:

Maintaining tissue perfusion

Health promotion for PAD focuses on:

Injury prevention and proper foot care

In acute care, nurses monitor:

Skin color, temperature, pulses, and cap refill

Ambulatory care teaching includes:

Gradual activity increase

Phlebitis refers to:

Vein inflammation

Superficial vein thrombosis symptoms include:

Firm cord-like vein, redness, warmth

A patient with unilateral edema, pain, and tenderness likely has:

DVT

Major complication of DVT is:

Pulmonary embolism

Chronic venous insufficiency often causes:

Brown discoloration of legs

Goals for patients with VTE include all EXCEPT:

Increased clotting tendency

Compression stockings help by:

Improving venous return

Monitoring anticoagulation therapy includes checking:

INR

Education for VTE includes:

All of the above

Aneurysms are defined as:

Abnormal dilation of arterial wall

Which is more common?

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

The most serious aneurysm complication is:

Rupture with hemorrhage

A pulsating abdominal mass is a sign of:

AAA

Which imaging is most accurate for aneurysm size?

CT scan

Surgical repair is recommended when aneurysm is:

>5.5 cm

Aortic dissection occurs when:

A false lumen forms from intimal tear

Type A dissection usually presents with:

Severe anterior chest pain

Complication of dissection where blood enters pericardial sac:

Cardiac tamponade

Signs of cardiac tamponade include all EXCEPT:

Widened pulse pressure

Initial drug management for dissection:

IV β-blockers

Pre-op teaching for aneurysm repair includes:

Bowel prep and NPO

Post-op care priorities include:

Monitoring pulses and urine output

Long-term therapy after repair often includes:

Antiplatelet or antihypertensives

Which is a realistic goal for a patient with PAD?

Walk longer distances without leg pain

Which patient statement shows correct understanding of PAD management?

I should check my feet daily for cuts or sores.

Varicose veins occur primarily because of:

Valve incompetence in veins

A risk factor for varicose veins is:

Prolonged standing

Venous insufficiency often leads to:

Brownish skin discoloration near ankles

Which is a priority teaching point for a patient with chronic venous insufficiency?

Elevate legs periodically during the day

Venous stasis ulcers are most often located:

Medial malleolus area

Which is NOT a risk factor for VTE?

Low cholesterol

The most serious complication of VTE is:

Pulmonary embolism

Signs of pulmonary embolism include all EXCEPT:

Brown ankle discoloration

Which diagnostic test confirms DVT?

Duplex ultrasound

Anticoagulant therapy in VTE aims to:

Prevent clot propagation

Which patient is most at risk for AAA?

70-year-old man with hypertension and smoking history

A thoracic aortic aneurysm may present with:

Deep, diffuse chest or back pain

An AAA may mimic:

Gastrointestinal disorders

Rupture into the retroperitoneal space may initially cause:

Severe back or flank pain

Which complication of aneurysm rupture leads to rapid death?

Massive hemorrhage

Which test best determines aneurysm size?

CT scan

Conservative management of small aneurysms (<5.5 cm) includes:

Risk factor modification and monitoring

Open aneurysm repair (OAR) involves:

Incising diseased aorta and removing thrombus

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is performed through:

Femoral artery

Which post-op complication after aneurysm repair requires urgent attention?

Diminished peripheral pulses

Aortic dissection is misnamed as:

Dissecting aneurysm

Which condition accelerates dissection formation?

Chronic hypertension

Classic presentation of Type B dissection:

Back, abdominal, or leg pain

Pain in aortic dissection is often described as:

Sharp, tearing, ripping

Which is the initial goal of treatment for aortic dissection?

Reduce heart rate and blood pressure

Conservative therapy for uncomplicated dissection focuses on:

Bedrest, pain relief, BP control

TEVAR (thoracic endovascular aortic repair) is used in:

Type B dissection with complications

Semi-Fowler's position in dissection care helps by:

Reducing stress on aorta

Which medication class reduces anxiety and stress pre-op for dissection?

Tranquilizers and opioids

In post-op aneurysm repair, urine output should be closely monitored to assess:

Renal perfusion

Nursing discharge teaching after aneurysm repair should emphasize:

Adhering to antihypertensive therapy

Which sign requires immediate medical help post-op?

New chest or back pain

Adequate peripheral tissue perfusion is assessed by:

Strong pulses and warm extremities

Effective pain management is evaluated by:

Patient reports pain relief

Increased activity tolerance is measured by:

Patient walking longer distances without claudication

Knowledge of disease and treatment plan is evident when:

Patient can explain risk factors and medications

Which symptom suggests possible aneurysm rupture?

Sudden severe abdominal/back pain

Which finding may indicate rupture into peritoneal cavity?

Hypotension and tachycardia

Which symptom suggests possible pulmonary embolism?

Sudden shortness of breath and chest pain

Changes in level of consciousness during post-op aneurysm care may suggest:

Stroke or rupture

Key difference between PAD and CVI skin changes:

PAD → shiny, hairless; CVI → brown discoloration

Which is a modifiable risk factor for both PAD and aneurysms?

Tobacco use

Long-term antiplatelet therapy is emphasized in:

All of the above

Supervised exercise training is essential after:

PAD revascularization

Proper foot care is most critical for:

PAD patients with diabetes

Which intervention helps prevent graft occlusion post-surgery?

Lifestyle modifications and smoking cessation

Which postoperative complication is most concerning?

Diminished peripheral pulses

The nurse should teach patients after dissection repair to:

Report chest pain immediately

A pulsating abdominal mass should never be:

Pressed or palpated vigorously

The ultimate goal of interprofessional care for aneurysms is:

Prevent rupture