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Which statement best describes conventional American thinking about economic crises?

They shouldn't be met with relief that could weaken "the national character."

The Teapot Dome scandal involved

bribes for the secretary of the interior in exchange for leases of government oil reserves.

Why did cigarettes become known as "torches of freedom" during the 1920s?

Women began to smoke cigarettes as an expression of personal freedom.

Which of the following best describes the economic dynamic of the Great Depression?

Mass unemployment and the lack of investment triggered a devastating cycle of deflation.

For the feminist woman in the 1920s, personal freedom meant

the right to choose her lifestyle.

Why did Los Angeles's population increase significantly during the 1920s?

Many misplaced Midwest farmers came looking for jobs

Which of the following statements best assesses Herbert Hoover's qualification for the presidency in 1928?

His skill in economic planning and the organization of food relief made him a good choice for both good and hard times.

Politically, Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

dreamed of a society with no government, no church, and no private property.

The Sacco-Vanzetti case

showed how the Red Scare undermined basic American freedoms.

Which statement is true of economic prosperity and inequality during the 1920s?

Corporate profits rose at more than twice the rate of workers' wages.

What was a result of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff?

It deepened the economic crisis.

The Harlem Renaissance

describes the quest by writers like Claude McKay to locate the roots of the Black experience.

What region does the textbook identify as having experienced chronic unemployment due to deindustrialization in the 1920s?

New England

Which statement is true of public opinion in America regarding business and Wall Street during the 1920s?

Public relations firms tried to build trust in Wall Street.

In the 1920s, what did employers tout as the cornerstone of prosperity?

complete freedom of action for businesses

John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath (1939)

described a dispossessed family affected by the Dust Bowl.

How did the government under the New Deal approach the precarious and poor conditions in which migrant laborers lived?

It did not do much to improve their living conditions.

Which phrase best describes Eleanor Roosevelt's tenure as First Lady?

She redefined the role of First Lady.

Why did President Franklin D. Roosevelt dissolve the Civil Works Administration?

Some complained it was going to create a permanent class of government dependents.

By 1935, Huey Long and Francis Townsend had made which of the following approaches to economic recovery less politically attractive for New Dealers?

efforts at general business recovery

Which of the following is the most accurate characterization of FDR's New Deal philosophy?

FDR preferred to create jobs that improved the nation's infrastructure.

What statement is true of the Federal Housing Administration?

The FHA insured long-term mortgages issued by private banks.

The Second New Deal focused on

economic security

The slogan "Don't Buy Where You Can't Work" referred to the economic struggle of

Blacks in Harlem, who demanded work in white-owned businesses.

What was the focus of Hollywood films such as Mr. Smith Goes to Washington?

a hero that defeated corruption

Which statement about the Social Security Act is correct?

It created a system of unemployment insurance.

What ultimately ended the Great Depression?

World War II spending

The National Industrial Recovery Act

established business codes for several industries.

Which statement best describes American communism during the 1930s?

Communism gained a new respectability.

Sinclair Lewis was historically significant because he

wrote the drama It Can't Happen Here.

What was ironic about the actions of some fundamentalist preachers?

They contradicted their anti-modernist message by using radio broadcasting.

One of the new harms created by the Indian New Deal was

livestock reduction

What caused the Dust Bowl?

soil erosion

Which statement is true about the UAW sit-down strikes in Flint, Michigan?

The workers stayed inside the plants and kept the machines in working order.

In Roosevelt's 1934 fireside chat, what did he fear wasting?

human resources

What ideology had the greatest impact on incentivizing fighting during World War I?

nationalism

In which of the following ways did the ideal of Progressive freedom fail?

The majority of African-American women in the South could not vote because of poll taxes and tests.

Which statement is true of eugenics in America?

It applied to concepts of race as well as physical health and mental ability.

Which of the following is true of Eugene V. Debs?

His arrest for violation of the Espionage Act was the result of an anti-war speech.

Which of the following assessments of the Roosevelt Corollary is accurate?

It proposed the United States could function as an international police power within the Western Hemisphere.

The Tulsa riot, in which 300 African-Americans were killed,

began after black veterans tried to prevent the lynching of a young black man.

During World War I, the National Woman's Party

used women's patriotic service as a strategy to argue for equal rights at home.

African-Americans migrated north during the Great Migration for which of the following reasons?

being able to educate their children

Which of the following elements of President Wilson's Fourteen Points was created to maintain social harmony and preserve peace around the world?

the League of Nations

Theodore Roosevelt's taking of the Panama Canal Zone is an example of

his belief that civilized nations had an obligation to establish order in an unruly world.

In what ways was W. E. B. Du Bois a typical progressive?

He believed that investigation, exposure, and education could solve the nation's problems.

Which statement is true of the wave of labor strikes that occurred in 1919?

Employers used anti-immigrant sentiment to divide workers.

Which term is associated with President Taft's foreign policy?

Dollar Diplomacy

Why were Americans divided over the outbreak of the Great War?

Irish-Americans and Russian Jews resented Allied powers Great Britain and Russia.

African-Americans who migrated to the North during the Great Migration encountered which of the following conditions?

menial and unskilled jobs

Why did Los Angeles's population increase significantly during the 1920s?

Many misplaced Midwest farmers came looking for jobs.

In the 1920s, movies, radios, and phonographs

helped create a "new society" willing to maintain a standard of living at any price.

In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court

ruled that bans on dangerous speech were constitutional.

Which of the following legal bans no longer passed constitutional scrutiny by the end of the 1920s?

criminalizing the advocacy of unlawful acts for the sake of political change

The Great Depression was caused by which of the following factors?

an unequal distribution of wealth

What dictator gained power due to help from the U.S. Marines in the 1920s and 1930s?

Somoza in Nicaragua

What statement best summarizes the ideas behind the term "New Negro"?

Established racial stereotypes were to be rejected.

The prevailing jurisprudence of the United States Supreme Court in the 1920s can best be described as

laissez-faire.

The "Lost Generation"

emigrated to Paris to enjoy greater freedom of expression.

Why did cigarettes become known as "torches of freedom" during the 1920s?

Women began to smoke cigarettes as an expression of personal freedom.

Which statement is accurate of the Scopes trial?

The trial was a national sensation.

Which of the following statements about farm mechanization is correct?

It included innovations such as the disk plow, which made planting easier.

Assess the state of individual American financial savings by the end of the 1920s.

By the end of the 1920s, the majority of American families had no savings whatsoever.

The Share Our Wealth movement

wanted to confiscate the wealth of the richest Americans.

Which of the following is the most accurate characterization of FDR's New Deal philosophy?

FDR preferred to create jobs that improved the nation's infrastructure.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Upton Sinclair won the Democratic nomination for governor in California in 1934.

Roosevelt's campaign call to repeal Prohibition

distinguished him from President Hoover.

What helped spark the Second New Deal?

calls for direct payments and guaranteed income for American citizens

Which statement about banking during the 1930s is accurate?

President Roosevelt ended the gold standard so that more money could be issued.

The Civilian Conservation Corps

gave work to unemployed young men in jobs having to do with the environment.

What did the Filipino Repatriation Act offer Filipinos?

free transportation to those who wanted to get back to the Philippines

How did the federal government institutionalize racism during the New Deal?

The Federal Housing Administration refused to ensure mortgages in integrated neighborhoods.

Which statement is true of African Americans during the New Deal?

W. E. B. Du Bois and other African Americans abandoned their earlier goal of racial integration.

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe a result of "the southern veto"?

Blacks lost the right to vote across the South.

The Resettlement Administration

established temporary relief camps for displaced migrant workers.

Mary McLeod Bethune

advised Roosevelt on minority affairs.

In which way was "liberalism" redefined by the New Deal?

as an effort by the government to protect and deliver for the people

The slogan "Don't Buy Where You Can't Work" referred to the economic struggle of

Blacks in Harlem, who demanded work in white-owned businesses.

How did the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) shift in focus from the 1920s to the 1930s?

It recognized that private forces posed a threat to civil liberties just as political authorities did.

What holiday did the Committee on Public Information temporarily rename "Loyalty Day" in an attempt to increase patriotism among immigrant population?

the Fourth of July

Why did the United States not become a member of the League of Nations?

The Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles.

The government and employers cooperated to dismantle which of the following unions during World War I?

International Workers of the World

Which of the following is true of Alice Paul?

She pointed out the hypocrisy of fighting for democracy abroad while denying it to women at home.

How did World War I and the rhetoric of freedom shape the labor movement and workers' expectations?

Wartime rhetoric inspired hopes for social and economic justice.

The idea of the melting-pot

assumed that immigrants would eventually join the American mainstream.

Which of the following elements of President Wilson's Fourteen Points was created to maintain social harmony and preserve peace around the world?

the League of Nations

Which term is associated with President Taft's foreign policy?

Dollar Diplomacy

Theodore Roosevelt's taking of the Panama Canal Zone is an example of

his belief that civilized nations had an obligation to establish order in an unruly world.

Assess the impact of the bombing of the New York Stock Exchange in September 1920.

It caused the death of forty people.

Cultural pluralism

described a society that gloried in ethnic diversity.

Which of the following groups demanded the abolishment of poll taxes and literacy clauses in the South?

Black feminists

Which of the following trends of the 1920s did fundamentalists support?

the prohibition of liquor sales

Why did Los Angeles's population increase significantly during the 1920s?

Many misplaced Midwest farmers came looking for jobs.

How was American life different in the 1920s than in the years prior?

Although Americans worked hard in an industrial world, they also enjoyed more vacations.

How did fundamentalist Christians define freedom in the 1920s?

as voluntary adherence to moral liberty

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation

made loans to banks, railroads, and other businesses.

Which of the following statements best assesses Herbert Hoover's qualification for the presidency in 1928?

His skill in economic planning and the organization of food relief made him a good choice for both good and hard times.

Why did cigarettes become known as "torches of freedom" during the 1920s?

Women began to smoke cigarettes as an expression of personal freedom.

What was the one Progressive initiative supported by the Harding and Taft administrations?

persuading the steel industry to reduce the workday from twelve to eight hours

What did the election of Roosevelt mean to many American industrial workers?

hope for an end to the miniature dictatorships of factory managers and owners