mod 8

function of endocrine system

maintain homeostasis

hormon/o

hormones

pituitar/o, hypophys/o

pituitary gland

ACTH

adrenocoricotropic hormone

TSH

thyroid stimulating hormone

thyr/o, thyroid/o

thyroid gland

hyperthyroidism

increased T3 and T4

hypothyroidism

decreased T3 and T4

pancreat/o

pancreas

adren/o

adrenal glands

epinephrine and coricosteroids

adrenal gland hormones

insulin and glucagon

pancreas hormones

aden/o, crin/o

gland

ket/o

ketone body

thym/o

thymus gland

gluco/o, glucos/o, glyc/o

sugar

cortic/o

outer surface, cortex

gonad/o

gonads (ovaries and testes)

-tropin

stimulating hormone

-emia

blood

-uria

urine

adenalgia

pain in the gland

adrenal virilism

excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

hirsutism

excessive body and facial hair in females

hypoglycemia

low blood sugar levels

polydipsia and polyphagia

excessive thirst and hunger

polyuria

excessive urination

pituitary dwarfism

abnormally short stature related to growth hormone

pituitary gigantism

abnormally tall stature related to growth hormone

acromegaly

abnormal growth of face and extremities (face hands and feet)

goiter, thyrocele

swelling of the thyroid gland

exophthalmos

protrusion of the eyes from the socket

amenorrhea

lack of menstruation

gynecomastia

development of breast tissue in males

adrenarche

a natural process that marks the beginning of sexual maturation in children, when the adrenal glands start producing hormones that cause physical changes

pancreatalgia

Pain around the pancreas

galactorrhea

milk production from the breast unrelated to pregnancy or lactation

thyromegaly

a condition where the thyroid gland in the neck becomes abnormally enlarged

thyroptosis

A downward displacement of the thyroid gland.

hypergonadism

a condition where there is a hyperfunction of the gonads

hypogonadism

a condition that occurs when the body's sex glands, or gonads, produce little to no sex hormones

menarche

the first time a female experiences menstruation, or her first menstrual cycle

thelarche

the beginning of breast development in girls, usually the first sign of puberty

euglycemia

good blood sugar

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

hypoglycemia

low blood sugar

hypercalcemia

high blood calcium levels

hyperkalemia

high blood potassium levels

hypernatremia

high blood sodium levels

acidemia

abnormal of blood

alkalemia

abnormal alkalinity of blood

hypercholestrolemia

elevated cholesterol in blood

hyperlipidemia

elevated fat in the blood

calciuria

calcium in the urine

glucosuria

sugar in the urine

ketonuria

ketones in urine

adenomegaly

abnormal enlargement of gland

endocrine

secrete internally

exocrine

secrete externally

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

procedure to examine the bile ducts and pancreas using a scope

chloremia

a condition where there is an excess or deficiency of chloride in the blood

hyperphosphatemia

a condition in which you have too much phosphate in your blood

uremia

a serious condition that occurs when the kidneys are unable to filter waste from the blood, resulting in a buildup of toxins like urea and creatinine

euthyroid

having a normally functioning thyroid gland.

gluconeogenesis

a metabolic process that creates glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, lactate, and glycerol

glycolysis

A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen

glycopenia

a condition where there is a shortage of glucose in tissues, such as the brain or skin

gonadogenesis

the process by which a common precursor cell develops into either a testis or an ovary

endocrinologist

a medical professional who specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions related to the endocrine system

ketogenesis

a metabolic process that produces ketone bodies

glycemic index

a number that measures how quickly a food raises blood sugar levels

adenopathy

disease of a gland

polyadenopathy

disease of many glands

adenoma

tumor of a gland

dysmetabolic syndrome

faulty metabolism disorder

thymoma

tumor of the thymus gland

adrenal insufficiency

insufficient adrenal gland hormone production

pancreatitis

inflammation of the pancreas

diabetes mellitus

metabolic disease causing homeostatic imbalance of blood glucose levels

diabetes ketoacidosis

lowering of blood pH from the presence of ketone bodies

pituitary infarction

death of the pituitary gland

hyper thyroidism

over secretion by the thyroid

hypothyroidism

under secretion by the thyroid

adenitis

inflammation (swelling) of the lymph nodes in the abdomen (belly).

adenocarcinoma

Cancer that forms in the glandular tissue, which lines certain internal organs and makes and releases substances in the body, such as mucus, digestive juices, and other fluids

Adenosis

a non-cancerous condition that causes abnormal growth of glandular tissue, usually in the breast or salivary glands

Ketosis

a metabolic state in which your blood has a high concentration of ketones

adrenalitis

a condition that causes inflammation of the adrenal glands

adrenal adenoma

a non-cancerous tumor that forms in the adrenal glands

adrenocortical carcinoma

a rare, aggressive cancer that forms in the adrenal glands

adrenocortical insufficiency

occurs when the adrenal glands don't make enough of the hormone cortisol.

adrenocorticohyperplasia

a condition that causes the adrenal glands to enlarge or grow non-malignantly

pancreatolith

a stone that forms in the pancreatic duct

pancreatolithiasis

resence of stones in the main pancreatic duct (MPD), side branches, or parenchyma of the pancreas.

insulinoma

a tumor in your pancreas

pancreatic pseudocyst

an encapsulated collection of homogenous fluid with little or no necrotic tissue located near the pancreas

hyperpituitarism

an excessive secretion or production of ≥1 of the hormones produced by the pituitary gland

hypophysitis

a generic term that includes a variety of conditions that cause inflammation of the pituitary gland.

hypopituitarism

a rare condition in which the pituitary gland doesn't make one or more hormones or doesn't make enough hormones

panhypopituitarism

is a rare condition in which there's a deficiency of all of the hormones your pituitary gland makes