[PCOG-LEC-SEMIS-02-PT1] ALKALOIDS

THIS FLASHCARDS IS ABOUT [PCOG] ALKALOIDS.

-ine

Alkaloids usually ends with?

Alkaloids

Bitter, basic nitrogenous organic compounds and are physiologically active (have an effect on our body).

Nitrogen

Alkaloids are basic due to the presence of?

RNH₂

Nitrogen can be:

• Primary Amine

Mescaline

What is an example of Primary Amine (RNH₂)?

R₂NH

Nitrogen can be:

• Secondary Amine

Coniine

What is an example of Secondary Amine (R₂NH)?

R₃N

Nitrogen can be:

• Tertiary Amine

Morphine

What is an example of Tertiary Amine (R₃N)?

Basic/Alkaline Compound

What type of compounds are alkaloids?

Organic solvents

SOLUBILITY OF ALKALOIDS:

In free form, they are soluble in?

• Ether

• Chloroform

What are the (2) Examples of Organic Solvents?

Water

SOLUBILITY OF ALKALOIDS:

In salt form, they are soluble in?

Pilocarpine hydrochloride

What is an Example of Salt Form of Alkaloids?

Imidazole alkaloid

What alkaloid is pilocarpine?

Sparingly soluble/insoluble

Pilocarpine (free form) are soluble in organic solvents, but are ___________ in water.

1. Acids

2. Salts

Alkaloids combine directly with (1)____ to form (2)____.

Salts of heavy metals

Alkaloids form highly insoluble PPT with?

• Gold

• Platinum

• Mercury

What are the (3) Examples of Heavy Metals?

Hint: GPM

True

True or False: Alkaloids are physiologically active.

True

True or False: Alkaloids are solid crystalline.

• Seeds

• Fruits

• Leaves

• Underground stem

• Roots

• Rhizomes and roots

• Barks

• Fungi

OCCURRENCE IN NATURE:

Alkaloids can be found in (8)?

Physostigma areca

What is an example of seed where alkaloids can be found?

Conium

What is an example of fruit where alkaloids can be found?

• Belladonna

• Coca

What are the examples of leaves where alkaloids can be found?

Sanguinaria (blood root)

What is an example of underground stem where alkaloids can be found?

Belladonna

What is an example of roots where alkaloids can be found?

• Ipecac

• Hydrastis

What are the examples of rhizomes and roots where alkaloids can be found?

Cinchona

What is an example of barks where alkaloids can be found?

Ergot

What is an example of fungi where alkaloids can be found?

• Hydrastine

• Atropine

ALKALOID’S NOMENCLATURE:

Generic names of the plants yielding them?

• Cocaine

• Belladonin

ALKALOID’S NOMENCLATURE:

Specific names of the plants yielding them?

Ergotamine

ALKALOID’S NOMENCLATURE:

Common name of the drug yielding them?

Emetine (emetic)

ALKALOID’S NOMENCLATURE:

Physiologic activity?

Pelletierine

ALKALOID’S NOMENCLATURE:

Discoverer?

• True Alkaloids

• Pseudoalkaloids

• Protoalkaloids

• Atypical Alkaloids

• Typical Alkaloids

What are the (5) Classifications of Alkaloids?

Mnemonics: TP-PAT

True Alkaloids

IDENTIFY THE CLASSIFICATION OF ALKALOIDS:

• Derived from amino acids

• Nitrogen in heterocyclic ring

Pseudoalkaloids

IDENTIFY THE CLASSIFICATION OF ALKALOIDS:

• Not derived from amino acids

• Nitrogen in heterocyclic ring

Protoalkaloids

IDENTIFY THE CLASSIFICATION OF ALKALOIDS:

• Derived from amino acids

• Nitrogen not in heterocyclic ring

True

True or False: True Alkaloids are highly reactive even in low doses.

• Ornithine

• Lysine

• Phenylalanine

• Tyrosine

• Tryptophan

• Histidine

What are the (6) Precursors where Alkaloids are derived from?

Mnemonics: OnLine Paint The Town House

• Morphine

• Cocaine

• Quinine

What are the (3) Examples of True Alkaloids?

Mnemonics: MCQ

• Acetate + Phenylalanine

• Terpenoid

Pseudoalkaloids can be derived from (2)?

• Coniine

• Ephedrine

• Caffeine

• Theobromine

What are the (4) Examples of Pseudoalkaloids?

Mnemonics: CEC-T

L-ornithine

Coniine is from?

Aminoalkaloids

Protoalkaloids is also known as?

Amino acids

Protoalkaloids or also known as Aminoalkaloids is derived from?

• First

• Primary

• Primitive

What does “proto” means in protoalkalkaloids?

Atropine

IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE:

Coniine

IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE:

Mescaline

IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE:

Heterocyclic ring

Aside from the classification of nitrogen, what is another basis of classification of alkaloids?

Atypical Alkaloids

IDENTIFY THE CLASSIFICATION OF ALKALOIDS:

• Nonheterocyclic alkaloids

• Contain nitrogen in aliphatic chain

Typical Alkaloids

IDENTIFY THE CLASSIFICATION OF ALKALOIDS:

• Heterocyclic alkaloids

• Contain nitrogen in heterocyclic ring system

Mescaline

What is an example of Atypical Alkaloid?

• Coniine

• Morphine

What are the (2) Examples of Typical Alkaloids?

Coniine

IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE OF TYPICAL ALKALOIDS:

Morphine

IDENTIFY THE STRUCTURE OF TYPICAL ALKALOIDS:

Mononuclear heterocyclic alkaloid

What type of heterocyclic is coniine?

Polynuclear heterocyclic alkaloid

What type of heterocyclic is morphine?