Animal Cell Biology Exam 1

basic concepts of proteins

phosphocarrier protein HPr,

aspartic acid

Asp, negative

glutamic acid

Glu, negative

arginine

Arg, positice

lysine

Lys, positive

histidine

His, positive

asparagine

Asn, uncharged polar

glutamine

Gln, uncharged polar

serine

Ser, uncharged polar

threonine

Thr, uncharged polar

tyrosine

Tyr, uncharged polar

alanine

Ala, nonpolar

glycine

Gly, nonpolar

valine

Val, nonpolar

leucine

Leu, nonpolar

isoleusine

Ile, nonpolar

proline

Pro, nonpolar

phenylalanine

Phe, nonpolar

methionine

Met, nonpolar

tyrptophan

Trp, nonpolar

Cysteine

Cys, nonpolar

what charges form the covalent bond

alpha carbon (get rid of O-) and N (get rid of 2 H+)

how is a peptide covalent bond formed

formed with the removal of water and is on a single plane by the resonance

what are the two ends of a protein chain

amino-terminis (N-terminus) and carboxy terminis (C-terminus)

what are the components of the polypeptide backbone

C, H, O and N

what are the components of the side chains (amino acid residues)

the R group

what are the four classes of amino acid side chains

non-polar (hydrophobic), polar, acidic, basic

Ala side chain (nonpolar)

CH3

Val side chain (nonpolar)

CH3 - CH - CH3

Leu side chain (nonpolar)

CH2 - CH - (CH3)2

Ile side chain (nonpolar)

CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH3

Pro side chain (nonpolar)

look on slide 5

phe side chain (nonpolar)

CH2 - ring

met side chain (nonpolar)

CH2 - CH2 - S - CH3

trp side chain (nonpolar)

CH2 - 2 rings

gly side chain (nonpolar)

H

cys side chain (nonpolar)

CH2 - SH

asn side chain (polar)

CH2 - C - O and NH2

glu side chain (acid)

CH2 - CH2 - C - O and O-

asp side chain (acid)

CH2 - C - O and O-

lys side chain (basic)

CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - NH3+

arg side chain (basic)

CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - NH - C - NH2+ and NH2

his side chain (basic)

CH2 - ring

ser side chain (polar)

CH2 - OH

thr side chain (polar)

CH3 - CH - OH

tyr side chain (polar)

CH2 - ring - OH

gln side chain (polar)

CH2 - CH2 - C - O and NH2

4 weak noncovalent interactions

ionic bond, hydrogen bond, van der waals interaction, hydrophobic interaction

covalent interaction

disulfide (S-S) bond

hydrophobic interaction

polar charged (H2O) molecules attract each other in water; nonpolar molecules are excluded from water and are more stable when they come together