BIO 168 Midterm Study Guide

A series of flashcards designed to help students review key concepts from their BIO 168 lecture notes.

Anatomic Directional Terms

Terms used to describe the locations of structures in the body relative to other structures.

Homeostasis

The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living organisms.

Negative Feedback

A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point to maintain homeostasis.

Positive Feedback

A mechanism that amplifies a change in the body's physiological state.

pH

A logarithmic scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

Osmosis

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Diffusion

The process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.

Epithelial Tissue

A type of tissue that forms protective layers on body surfaces and lines cavities.

Connective Tissue

Tissue that supports, binds together, and protects tissues and organs of the body.

Mitosis

The process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Lipid

A diverse group of hydrophobic molecules that include fats, oils, and hormones.

ATP

A molecule that transfers energy within cells for metabolism.

Carbohydrates

Organic compounds made up of sugar molecules, providing energy and structural support.

Nucleic Acids

Biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information, including DNA and RNA.

Skeletal System

The organ system that provides structure, support, and protection to the body, consisting of bones and cartilage.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue composed of fibers that contract to cause movement.