TEST 3- Passage 1- Materials to take us beyond concrete

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Last updated 4:15 PM on 1/28/26
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86 Terms

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concrete
a very hard building material made by mixing together; bê tông
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alternative
substitute, option, choice; phương án thay thế
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substance
material, matter, element; chất, vật chất
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emission
discharge, release, output; sự thải ra, khí thải
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chemical
compound, substance, element; hóa chất
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ingredient
component, element, constituent; thành phần
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estimate
evaluate, predict, forecast; ước tính
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soar
rise, skyrocket, surge; tăng vọt
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aggravating
making something worse; làm trầm trọng hơn
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innovate
invent, create, pioneer; đổi mới, sáng tạo
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scramble
rush, hurry, hustle; vội vã, chen chúc
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universal
widespread, global, common; phổ quát, toàn cầu
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commodity
product, goods, merchandise; hàng hóa
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underpin
support, reinforce, uphold; làm nền tảng, củng cố
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extent
scope, magnitude, size, degree; mức độ, phạm vi
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scale
size, magnitude, proportion; quy mô
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sheer
absolute, complete, total; hoàn toàn, tuyệt đối
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manufacture
production, making, creation; sản xuất
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relatively
comparatively, fairly, somewhat; tương đối
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in abundance
plenty, ample, wealth; dồi dào
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marvellous
wonderful, fantastic, amazing; tuyệt vời
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property
characteristic, attribute, quality; đặc tính
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portland
type of cement; xi măng Portland
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vital
essential, crucial, important; thiết yếu
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component
element, part, ingredient; bộ phận, thành phần
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mouldable
flexible, pliable, adaptable; dễ tạo hình
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pourable
liquid, fluid, flowable; có thể đổ
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set
harden, solidify, become hard; đông cứng
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steel
metal alloy made of iron and carbon; thép
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thermal
heat-related, temperature-related, thermic; thuộc nhiệt
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expansion
growth, enlargement, increase; sự giãn nở
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reinforce
strengthen, fortify, enhance; gia cố
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flexible
adaptable, versatile, pliable; linh hoạt
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beat
defeat, overcome, conquer; đánh bại
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rather
somewhat, slightly, pretty; khá, tương đối
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medieval
ancient, historical, old-fashioned; trung cổ
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turn to
start to do something, start to use something; chuyển sang
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treated
handled, managed, processed; được xử lý
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emergence
appearance, rise, advent; sự xuất hiện
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entirely
completely, wholly, totally; hoàn toàn
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straightforward
simple, easy, uncomplicated; đơn giản, dễ hiểu
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expand
grow, increase, enlarge; mở rộng
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absorb
soak up, take in, assimilate; hấp thụ
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moisture
dampness, humidity, wetness; độ ẩm
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susceptible
vulnerable, prone, liable; dễ bị ảnh hưởng
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pest
insect, vermin, nuisance; sâu bọ, dịch hại
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not to mention
besides, in addition to, apart from; chưa kể đến
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laminated
made by joining several thin layers; ép nhiều lớp
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adhesive
glue, bonding agent; chất kết dính
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saw
cut, slice, trim; cưa
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crosswise
arranged in the shape of an X; chéo nhau
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vice-president
deputy, second-in-command; phó chủ tịch
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concern
worry, anxiety, issue; mối lo ngại
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driver
motive, catalyst, factor; động lực
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based
situated, located, founded; dựa trên
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lead the way
pioneer, set an example; dẫn đầu
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lock away
secure, safeguard, store; khóa lại, cất giữ
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limitation
restriction, constraint, drawback; hạn chế
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ash
residue, remains, dust; tro
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slag
residue, waste, byproduct; xỉ
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ore
mineral, raw material, rock with valuable elements; quặng
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byproduct
secondary product, spinoff; sản phẩm phụ
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power plant
generating station, energy facility; nhà máy điện
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incorporate
include, integrate, combine; kết hợp
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make up
constitute, form, compose; tạo thành
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durability
strength, sturdiness, resilience; độ bền
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resulting
final, eventual; kết quả
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smelt
melt, refine, extract; luyện kim
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incorporation
integration, inclusion, combination; sự kết hợp
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content
substance, material; hàm lượng
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calculation
computation, estimation, reckoning; phép tính
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life cycle
lifespan, duration; vòng đời
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fossil fuel
non-renewable energy, carbon-based fuel; nhiên liệu hóa thạch
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hydrocarbon fuel
fuel made from hydrocarbons; nhiên liệu hydrocarbon
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make sense
be logical, reasonable; hợp lý
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perspective
viewpoint, standpoint, outlook; góc nhìn
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promising
hopeful, potential, encouraging; đầy hứa hẹn
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unproven
untested, speculative, uncertain; chưa được kiểm chứng
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abundant
plentiful, ample, copious; phong phú
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innovation
invention, advancement, breakthrough; sự đổi mới
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breakthrough
overcome, surpass, achieve success; đột phá
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rarely
seldom, infrequently; hiếm khi
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cost-effective
economical, efficient, budget-friendly; hiệu quả chi phí
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conventional
traditional, standard, customary; truyền thống
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shortage
scarcity, lack, insufficiency; sự thiếu hụt
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resistance
opposition, defiance, refusal; sự phản kháng