SURVEYING LECTURE 1

is the art and science of measuring the surface of the earth, and the position of feautures, on, above or below the earth’s surface.

SURVEYING

uses rope in surveying and measures distances accurately with equally spaced knots tied in long ropes.

EGYPTIANS

uses groma as surveying instrument and is consist of two pairs of plumb lines from the ends of two horizontal rods placed at right angles to each other. used to layout lines at right angles.

ROMANS

they studied the movements of the planets and starts and established the 360 degrees circle.

MESOPOTAMIA

in ancient babylon, moving a boundary marker places by surveyor was punishable by

DEATH

the first compass where it help lead them from place to place

LODESTONE COMPASS

serves many functions, including surveying and predicting the position of stars

ASTROLABE

this device provides a solid and level surface on which we can make field drawings, charts, and maps. it allows the use of graphical methods rather than mathematical methods.

PLANE TABLE

first philippine map

MURILLO VELARDE MAP 1734

WHO ARE THE CARTOGRAPHERS WHO PREPARED THE FIRST PHILIPPINE MAP?

PEDRO MURILLO VELARDE AND 2 FILIPINO: ENGRAVERS Nicolad dela Cruz Bagaya and Artist Francisco Suarez

First and most important scientific map of the Philippines

MURILLO VELARDE 1734 MAP or CARTA HYDROPGRAPHICA Y CHOROGRAPHICA DE LAS ISLAS PILIPINAS

Used sextant in surveying

PHILIPPINES

utilizies satelite imagery which has been processed using geographic information system software

SATELITE SURVEYS

uses satelite to image the earth’s environment, for navigation and precise position fixing.

MODERN SURVEYING

includes all methods of measuring and gathering information about the physical earth and environment, storing that information, and disseminating a variety of resulting information to a wide range of clients.

GEOMATICS

functions of geodetic engineers (5)

1. DECISION MAKING

2. FIELDWORK AND DATA COLLECTION

3. COMPUTING AND DATA PROCESSING

4. MAPPING AND DATA REPRESENTATION

5. STAKEOUT

general classifications of surveying (2)

1. PLANE SURVEYING

2. GEODETIC SURVEYING

type of surveying which the earth is considered to be a flat or plane surface, where distances and areas involved are of limited extent.

PLANE SURVEYING

surveys which consider the earth;s trueshape and require curvature corrections. these are typically carried out with great accuracy and precision.

GEODETIC SURVEYING

it creates a network vertical and horizontal monuments that serve as a frame of reference for initiating further surveys

CONTROL SURVEYS

comprise all survets of extensive areas consisting of several lots for cadastral registration proceedings, agricultural development, or for any purpose.

CADASTRAL SURVEYS

surveys made for determining the shape of the ground, and the location and elevation of natural and artificial features upon it.

TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS

refers to surveying streams, lakes, and other bodies of water.

HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS

surveys that are undertaken at a construction site

CONSTRUCTION SURVEYS

intended to determine the land ownership as defined by the corner makers

LAND SURVEYS

conducted to prepare, design, and construct highways and other linear projects

ALIGNMENT SURVEYS

records final locations and layouts of engineering works and document any changes in the design that may have been incorporated into the construction.

AS-BUILT SURVEYS

surveys that are performed to determine the position of all underground excavations and surface mine structures.

MINE SURVEYS

maps property boundaries, solar easements, and meet other requirements related for land insurance.

SOLAR SURVEYS

known as optical tooling. use of surveying techniques in ship, building, construction and assemble of aircraft.

INDUSTRIAL SURVEYS

utilizes satelite imagery which has been processed using geographic information system software.

SATELITE SURVEYS

TYPES OF SURVEYS (12)

1. CONTROL SURVEYS

2. CADASTRAL SURVEYS

3. TOPGRAPHIC SURVEYS

4. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYS

5. CONSTRUCTION SURVEYS

6. LAND SURVEYS

7. ALIGNMENT SURVEYS

8. AS-BUILT SURVEYS

9. MINE SURVEYS

10. SOLAR SURVEYS

11. INDUSTRIAL SURVEYS

12. SATELITE SURVEYS

It also involves the opposite situation where from known data, the positions of proposed construction or engineering works are set out on the ground.

SURVEYING