Ruminant Reproduction
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33 Terms
What is the function of the tunica dartos in the scrotum?
Thermoregulation of the testes
What is the pampiniform plexus?
A network of veins that cool arterial blood entering the testis
What is the function of the cremaster muscle?
To raise and lower the testis for temperature regulation
What structure forms a supporting mesentery for the ductus deferens?
The mesoductus deferens
What forms a supporting mesentery for the testicular vessels and nerves?
The mesorchium
What is the function of the epididymis?
Sperm maturation and storage
What are the three main parts of the epididymis?
Head, body, and tail
What is the function of the ductus deferens?
To transport sperm from the epididymis
What are the three main accessory sex glands in ruminants?
Seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands
Which accessory gland produces the majority of seminal fluid in bulls?
The vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)
What is unique about the prostate gland in ruminants?
It is small and ring-shaped, not grossly visible in small ruminants
What is the function of the bulbourethral glands?
To produce mucus that lubricates the urethra
What is the sigmoid flexure?
An S-shaped bend in the penis of ruminants
What muscle helps retract the penis in ruminants?
The retractor penis muscle
What are the two main functions of the ovary?
Producing ova and hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
What structure surrounds the ovary to catch released ova?
The infundibulum
In which part of the oviduct does fertilization occur?
The ampulla
What is the function of the isthmus in the oviduct?
To serve as a sperm reservoir
What are caruncles?
Raised areas on the uterine endometrium in ruminants
What is the main function of the cervix?
To restrict access to the uterus and act as a sperm reservoir
What are the annular folds?
Ring-like structures within the cervix
What is the fornix?
A 360° blind-ended pocket around the cervical opening in the vagina
What is the origin of the ovarian artery?
The abdominal aorta
What is the origin of the uterine artery?
The internal iliac artery
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the vulva and clitoris?
The pudendal nerve
What is the urogenital diaphragm?
A muscular sheet that closes the pelvic outlet
Where does the pudendal nerve originate?
The sacral spinal cord (S2-S4)
What causes erection in males?
Increased blood flow to the penis and reduced outflow
What hormone is crucial for ejaculation?
Oxytocin
What is unique about the glans penis in rams?
It has a urethral process
What is the length of the sheep gestation?
140/150 days/5 months
What is the length of the cow gestation?
283 days/9 months
What is the length of the goat gestation?
145/155 days