Introduction to Computer Science

These flashcards cover key concepts from the Introduction to Computer Science lecture, including definitions, characteristics, classifications, and operations of computers.

What is a computer?

A computer is an electronic device that can accept input, process data, store information, and output results.

What are the five major operations of a computer?

Input, processing, storage, output, and control.

Name a characteristic of computers regarding speed.

A computer should be able to process data at high speed.

What type of memory is Random Access Memory (RAM)?

A volatile memory that temporarily holds data while the computer is on.

What is Read Only Memory (ROM)?

A non-volatile memory that stores permanent instructions for the computer and cannot be modified.

What are the classifications of computers based on size?

Supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, and microcomputers.

What distinguishes general purpose computers from special purpose computers?

General purpose computers can perform multiple operations, while special purpose computers are designed for specific tasks.

What is a binary number system?

A system with only two digits: 0 and 1.

Define application software.

Software programs that are designed to perform specific tasks for users.

What is an operating system?

The core software that manages hardware and software resources in a computer.

What is the difference between compilers and interpreters?

Compilers translate the entire program at once, while interpreters translate it line by line.

What are the two primary types of computer memory?

Primary memory (e.g., RAM and ROM) and secondary storage.

What does 'automation' in computing imply?

The capability of performing tasks without human intervention.

What is meant by 'computer security'?

Measures taken to protect computer systems from unauthorized access or attacks.

What is a real-time operating system?

An OS that processes data as it comes in, typically with quick response times.