Text Information and Media

Lesson 1 4th QA

Text

A simple and flexible format of presenting information or conveying ideas whether:

Texy can be

__***Alphanumeric characters and logograms***__….

1. Handwritten
2. Printed
3. On Screen

Forms of Text

1. Hypertext
2. Plaintext or Unformatted text
3. Formatted text

Hypertext

It serves as ***link*** dynamic electronic documents and enable users to jump from one to another in a nonlinear way

**Plaintext or Unformatted text**

It has ***fix size characters*** having essentially the same type of appearance

**Formatted text**

Its appearance can ***be changed*** using font parameter.

•*Bold*

•*Italic*

•*Font size*

•*Font color, etc*

FOUR TYPES OF TEXT

1. descriptive
2. informative text
3. instructive
4. persuasive text

**descriptive text**

This text aims to have the reader picture ***(imagine and see)*** what is being described.

**Informative text**

The primary purpose is to ***inform or tell*** the reader about something

**instructive text**

This ***instructs*** or tells the reader how to do something.

**persuasive text**

This text seeks to persuade a reader ***to believe in*** or do something.

Descriptive text (General Tips)

•Adjectives and adverbs

•Comparisons and idioms

•Employ the readers’  senses

Informative text

•Avoid repetition

•Present facts

•Give information in a clear way

Instructive text

•Direct language

•Unnecessary words

•Numbers and bullets

Attach diagram/drawing

Persuasive text

•Repeat important notes

•Use imposing format

•Use rhetorical questions

•Humor is encouraged

Text information

Information that is communicated through text.

Text information

1. Signs
2. books
3. cellphones
4. computers
5. menus

SELECTION CRITERIA

TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA

1. relevance
2. triangulation
3. point of view
4. medium used
5. audience
6. writing style

Relevance

•The problem with many people these days is the ***eagerness to read.***



•The ***ability to retrieve material*** that satisfies the needs of the user.



•It is wrong to associate your research with ***unrelated concepts***.

triangulation

•Validity, reliability, and accuracy.



•Text information is ***easier to evaluate.***



•***Fact-checking*** text information is simpler.





Before you believe any information presented, you must first know who its source is, and if that source is valid, reliable and accurate.

Point of view

•Does the information ***sound biased***?



•Does the analysis come from only ***one perspective***?



•Are there ***flaws*** in the author’s logic?

Medium used

•A vital indicator of whether the source is to be ***trusted***.

\
•Educational materials



•On the internet, only a number of websites can ***be trusted***.

audience

•Selecting information that ***fits your needs.***



•***To whom*** was the information written for?



•Is it for experts, students, or the general public?

Writing style

•Numerous ***grammatical errors***



•Wary of how the title is written specially on the internet.

High Quality of Information

A __________ is *correct, credible, relevant* and ***easy*** for intended audience to ***access, interpret, and understand.***

SIXTEEN PRINCIPLES OF

DESIGN IN CREATING AN

INFORMATION

1. Functional Principles
2. Administrative P
3. Aesthetic P
4. Cognitive P

Functional Principles

A.Defining the problem



B.Providing structure



C.Providing clarity



D.Providing simplicity



E.Providing emphasis



F.Providing unity

Administrative Principles

A.Information access



B.Information costs



C.Information ethics



D.Securing quality

Aesthetic Principles

A.Harmony



B.Aesthetic proportion

Cognitive Principles

A.Facilitating attention



B.Facilitating perception



C.Facilitating processing



D.Facilitating memory

INTERNAL textual structure

Techniques used to ***organize, sequence, and provide an internal framework*** for helping readers understand a ***prose content.***

**5 structures**

Sequence

Problem and Solution

Compare and Contrast

Description

Cause and effect

EXTERNAL textual structure

The most important thing to consider in internal textual structure is the use of ***grammar and punctuation.***



\

Internal textual structure

Use word processor



*(i.e. Microsoft word)*

**EXTERNAL textual structure**

Techniques used to ***organize text with linguistic and typographic cues***.

EXTERNAL STRUCTURE ELEMENTS

**legibility**

\
A.Alignment and Space

B.Line Length

C.Type Color

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**emphasis**

A.Italics

B.Boldface

C.Underline

D.Color

E.Capitals

legibility

***Clear*** enough to read

Readers ***sees the overall pattern*** of a text, not the details or its content.

Avoid a patchy, crowded, & over emphasized text.

Alignment and space

This involves the use of margin and spacing that provide visual relief and delineation from text blocks.

Line length

The eye span of acute focus is only three to four inches wide.

A long line may cause the reader to lose track of the next line.

Type color

Pertains to the font manipulation, line spacing, and paragraph organization.

It involves tracking or letter spacing and more.

emphasis

It may be difficult to engage a reader with a solid body text and put emphasis to terms or words.