Cholera and Dengue

Fecal Oral Route, Contaminated water

Cholera is transmitted through

• Rapid onset of watery diarrhea (“rice-water stools”), vomiting,

  and leg cramps.

• shock, profound dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.

Stool Culture

Rapid Diagnostic Test

used to confirm infection of cholera (2)

Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)

Cornerstone of treatment (Cholera)

Intravenous Fluids

Indicated for Severe Dehydration

Antibiotic

Recommended in severe cases to reduce the duration of diarrhea and fluid losses.

Safe Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH)

Ensuring access to safe drinking water and proper sewage disposal is critical.

oral cholera vaccines (OCVs)

part of outbreak control strategies in endemic areas of WHO

75 mEq/L Sodium

75 mol/L Glucose

Low Osmolarity ORS Composition (2)

Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)

Mild to moderate dehydration is managed with ORS.

Intravenous (IV) Fluids

Severe dehydration or shock.

Ringer’s Lactate

Typically recommended for rapid restoration of circulatory volume.

Antibiotics (Doxycycline or Azithromycin)

recommended in severe cases to reduce the duration of diarrhea and bacterial shedding.

Zinc Supplementation

Particularly in children, to help reduce the duration and severity of diarrheal episodes.

Dengue

Caused by the dengue virus (a flavivirus) and transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Dengue

Febrile illness accompanied by headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, rash, and in severe cases, hemorrhagic manifestations.

• serologic tests (NS1 antigen, IgM/IgG)

• complete blood counts

Test for Dengue (2)

• Community Clean Up drives

• Use of Larvicides

• Periodic Fogging

Integrated by Vector Management (3)

NS1 Antigen Detection

Useful in the early phase

Serological Tests (IgM/IgG)

To confirm the diagnosis, particularly in later stages.

• Fluid Management

• Monitoring

Management and Treatment (2)

Hospitalization

Recommended for patients showing warning signs such as persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain, rapid drop in platelet count, or increasing hematocrit levels.

Paracetamol

Preferred Pain and Fever Management

NSAIDS

Should be avoided due to risk of bleeding

Rapid Response Teams (RRTs)

• Deploy multi-disciplinary teams to investigate, assess, and manage

  suspected outbreak situations.

• Coordinate with local health units to provide on-site evaluation

  and immediate case management.