DNA analysis

What is DNA?

DNA is the molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms.

How many pairs of chromosomes make up the human genome?

There are 23 pairs of chromosomes that make up the human genome.

What do the sides of the DNA double helix consist of?

The sides of the DNA double helix are made up of sugar and phosphate groups.

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

What is DNA profiling?

DNA profiling is a technique used to identify an individual's unique genetic code.

Why is DNA referred to as a fingerprint?

DNA is referred to as a fingerprint because it identifies individuals based on their unique genetic makeup, similar to how fingerprints are unique.

What is the purpose of DNA analysis in forensics?

DNA analysis in forensics is used to identify potential suspects, clear wrongly accused individuals, and establish family relationships.

What is the process for extracting DNA?

The process for extracting DNA involves removing cells, using a salt solution for protection, breaking down cell membranes with detergent, filtering, and adding alcohol to visualize the DNA.

What does PCR stand for and what is its function?

PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction, and it is used to amplify specific regions of DNA making millions of copies.

What is gel electrophoresis?

Gel electrophoresis is a method used to separate DNA fragments by size.

What percentage of DNA is similar among humans?

99.9% of DNA is similar among humans.

What part of DNA serves as the template for replication?

New DNA serves as the template for replication during the PCR process.

How can DNA samples be collected for analysis?

DNA samples can be collected from blood, semen, urine, bone, hair follicles, and saliva.

What is the average length of DNA if it is stretched out?

A single strand of DNA, if stretched out, would be 6 feet in length.

Define a gene.

A gene is the functional part of DNA that codes for a particular protein, performing a specific function in the body.

What can DNA analysis reveal about individuals?

DNA analysis can reveal genes, physical characteristics, gender, health conditions, and familial relationships.

How does the national DNA database work?

The national DNA database contains DNA samples collected by the FBI and police departments for comparison and identification.

What are the steps of DNA analysis?

The steps include removal, extraction, quantitation, amplification, and sequence detection.

What role does thermal cycling play in PCR?

Thermal cycling involves repeated heating and cooling, which is essential for DNA melting and replication in the PCR process.

What happens if all 16 loci match during DNA profiling?

If all 16 loci match, it is considered a perfect match, placing individuals at crime scenes.