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15 Terms
1
Fermentation
The process that releases energy from the oxidation of organic molecules, does not require oxygen, and produces less ATP compared to cellular respiration.
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2
NADH
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a coenzyme that carries electrons during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
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3
Lactic acid fermentation
A type of fermentation that produces lactic acid as the end product, utilized by certain bacteria and muscles during anaerobic respiration.
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4
Ethanol fermentation
A fermentation process that converts sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide, primarily carried out by yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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5
Pyruvic acid
A key intermediate in metabolic pathways; it is produced during glycolysis and is the substrate for fermentation.
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6
Alcohol fermentation
A form of anaerobic respiration performed by yeast, resulting in the production of ethanol and carbon dioxide.
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7
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell, produced during fermentation and cellular respiration.
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8
Krebs cycle
A series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.
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9
Chemiosmosis
The movement of ions across a semi-permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, which produces ATP.
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10
Fermentation end-products
The substances produced at the end of the fermentation process, which can include alcohol, acids, and gases.
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11
Active Dry Yeast
A type of yeast that is dried to preserve it, often used in fermentation for baking and brewing.
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12
Homolactic fermentation
A type of lactic acid fermentation that produces lactic acid only.
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13
Heterolactic fermentation
A type of fermentation that produces lactic acid and other compounds, such as ethanol or acetic acid.
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14
Chemical reactions of fermentation
Involves the conversion of sugars to acids, gases, or alcohol, through glycolysis and various metabolic pathways.
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15
Industrial uses of fermentation
Utilization of fermentation processes to produce products like alcohol, vinegar, and various food items.
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