Western Civ II - The Modern World (1500–1700s)

A series of flashcards covering essential vocabulary and concepts from the Western Civ II lecture on the Modern World.

Renaissance Humanism

A cultural movement during the Renaissance focusing on Greek/Roman classics, individual achievement, and less emphasis on religion.

Protestant Reformation

A religious movement initiated by Martin Luther's 95 Theses in 1517, leading to the division of Christianity and weakening the Catholic Church's power.

Mercantilism

An economic system where the state controls the economy, aiming for national wealth through exports and colonies.

Capitalism

An economic system focusing on private wealth and competition, where individuals invest for personal profit with minimal government interference.

Absolutism

A political system where a monarch holds total power and authority over the state, often justified by divine right.

Constitutionalism

A political system where governmental power is limited by law and citizens' rights are protected.

Glorious Revolution

The 1688 event where James II was overthrown, and William and Mary ascended to the throne, resulting in a constitutional monarchy in England.

Intendants

Royal officials in France under Richelieu and Louis XIII who managed provinces, weakening nobility and strengthening the monarchy.

Stadholder

The executive/governor of each province in the Netherlands, representing a republican form of government.

Bill of Rights (1689)

A document limiting the powers of the English monarchy, ensuring rights like free elections and parliament's supreme authority.

Scientific Revolution

A period marked by advancements in scientific thought and reasoning, promoting observation, experimentation, and a shift away from religious explanations.

Printing Press

An invention around 1450 that facilitated the rapid spread of ideas and literature, significantly impacting the Renaissance and Reformation.

Civil War (1642-1651)

A conflict in England between Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and Royalists (Cavaliers) over governance and authority, resulting in the execution of Charles I.

The Netherlands (Commercial Model)

A system characterized by religious tolerance, a commercial economy, and strong parliamentary governance, making it a banking center in Europe.

Rump Parliament

The remaining members of Parliament after Pride's Purge, responsible for the trial and execution of Charles I, marking a significant shift in power.

The Great Northern War

A conflict where Peter the Great of Russia sought to expand his territory, resulting in significant victory over Sweden.