circulation systems, history of oceanography, first part of sponges

ocsc lec 4

name three rudimentary circulation mechanisms \

1. protoplasm and diffusion

2. water from environment

3. body and intracellular fluids

nematode

an unsegmented roundworm found in soil, marine and freshwater habitats, more complex circulation system

define circulatory system

systems of moving fluids that minimize the distance nutrients, gases and metabolic waste has to travel

what liquid do closed circulatory systems use

blood

what liquid do open circulatory systems use

hemolymph

what circulatory system do oligochaete’s have

closed

what circulatory system do arthropods have

open

what is a respiratory pigment

A specialized material that binds and transports oxygen makes gas exchange more efficient

define gas exchange

uptake of O2 and loss of CO2

oceanography is….

not a pure science

what are James cook’s contribution to oceanography

mapping new Oceania, gathering overall data on geology, biota, tides and other topics

what are rob fitzroy and charles darwins contribution to oceanography

geology and biology of south American coastline, atoll formation theory, evolution and natural selection.

what are wyville thomsons contributions to oceanography

ventured to 9km deep, refuted forbes azoic zone, collected data on species, water chem, sedimentary deposits.

what are nansens contributions to oceanography

studied the arctic area, water depths, ship was locked in ice in siberia

what are more modern ways of surveying and measuring parts of the ocean

global positioning system (gps), computers for modeling, remote sensing

what is density

amount of mass in a volume, grams per cm³

crust

35-50km, solid, Al Si O

mantle

2900km, solid and plastic, Mg Fe Si O

core

3500km, outer is molten and inner is solid, Fe and Ni

what are two factors that change rocks

p and t

lithosphere

crust and upper part of the mantle, rock is brittle

asthenosphere

middle of the mantle, T is greater then P, rocks are plastic

mesophere

lowest part of the mantle, P is greater than T, rocks are rigid

outer core

T is greater than P, molten Fe-Ni alloys

inner core

P is greater than T, solid Fe-Ni alloys

hydrosphere

all free water, oceans (97%)

the hydrosphere is only 10% of the entire water reservoir, how is the ret of the water held

in rocks

atmosphere

holds gases, mostly N and O, other compounds such as CO2, CH4, O3 and H2O

biosphere

all living and non living organic matter, C, H, O

what is bathymetry

measurement of depth to describe submarine topography

name the three physiographic provinces

1. continental margins

2. deep-ocean basins

3. mid ocean ridges

what is a continental margin

submerged edges of continents

what are the three sections of continental margins

1. continental shelf

2. continental slope

3. continental rise

what is a deep ocean basin

deep, large area of ocean that are beyond the continental margins

what is an abyssal plain

sediment that burys volcanic topography of ocean crust, 3-5km deep, 100-1000m thick

what is an abyssal hill

a dome arounda 1000m tall and 100km wide made of volcanic rocks

seamounts

extinct or active volcanoes or abyssal mountains

what is a deep sea trench

a steep sided depression found between continental margins

mid ocean ridges

submarine mountain ranges, cover a third of the ocean floor, tectonically active

what is continental crust made of

granite

what is oceanic crust made of

basalt

what is the MOHO

the thin boundary between crust and mantle `

what does isostasy refer to

the mass balance of an object floating in a fluid medium

what does this calculate P=pgh

the pressure ta the bottom of the ocean

state the gen characteristics of phylum porifera

• 5500 species

• multicellular

• skeletal elements

what are the three classes of phylum porifera

calcarea, hexactinellida, demospongiae

what is a totipotent cells

a stem cell that can morph into all other kinds of cells needed for survival

what is a pinacoderm

the outermost layer of a sponge, a single cell thick, no basal membrane and has dermal pores

what is a mesohyl

a non cellular layer of a sponge that has totipotent cells and has multiple roles; digestion, gamete production, secretion of skeleton, transport of nutrients and waste.

what is a choanoderm

the inner most layer of a sponge made up of choanocytes

pinacocytes

flat epithealiel cells that line the pinacoderm

porocytes

dermal pores that allow water to pass through

endopinacocytes

epithealiel cells that line the internal canals

basopinacocytes

base of sponge that anchors to substrate

what is a chonaocyte

a flagellated cell that captures food, creates currents and performs phagocytosis

define phagosytosis

a feeding method in which particles are engulfed by choanocytes

what are amoebocytes

sponge cell that moves with amoeboid motion that transport nutrients and waste and perform phagocytosis

what is an archaeocyte

a totipotent cell

describe the route water takes through an asconoid

ostium through unfolded choanoderm into atrium and exits through osculum

what is the function of pinacocytes

structural support and water regulation